Stability of Citrinae Subtribe Development in the Conditions of the Mediterranean Area
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry as the value of random deviations reflects either stability or instability of development. It is quite often used by researchers to assess the level of influence of anthropogenic and climatic factors. This study is focused on the territory with favorable climate and low anthropogenic load. The object of the study includes leaf blades of woody plants Citrus X sinensis (Valencia), Citrus limon (Molla Mehmet), Citrus reticulata (Okitsu wase C. unshiu) and Punica granatum (Emek) of the city of Kemer of the Republic of Turkey. The reliability of the presented results is justified by the use of correct methods of study and adequate statistical processing of big data. The integrated indicator of fluctuating asymmetry was the highest for leaf blades of Punica granatum (0.019), Citrus limon (0.017), these plants are introduced species. Citrus X sinensis and Citrus reticulata were characterized by low level of destabilization of plants in the conditions of the Mediterranean Area. It is shown that the most sensitive morphological features of fluctuating asymmetry for Citrinae Citrus X sinensis subtribe plants are j4 and j5, Cítrus límon – j2 and j5, Citrus reticulata – j3 and j4.
References
[1] Baranov, S.G. (2016). Phenogenetic aspect of asymmetry of leaf plate of Betula pendula Roth. Scientific sheets. Series Natural sciences, vol. 35, no. 11(232), pp 10–20.
[2] Baranov, S.G. (2014). Littleleaf Linden Tilia cordata (Mill.): Only Some Bilateral Traits Indicate Chemical Pollution Induced by Chemical Plant. Advances in Biological Research, no. 8(4), pp. 143–148.
[3] Baranov S.G. (2014). Use of morphogeometric method for study fluctuating asymmetry in leaves Tilia cordata under industrial pollution. Adv. Environ. Biol., no. 8(7), pp. 2391–2398.
[4] Nizky, S.E., Sergeeva, A.S. (2012). Fluctuating asymmetry of leaves of a flat-leaved birch as environmental indicator. Messenger of KrasSAU, no. 5, pp. 221–223.
[5] Korotchenko, I.S. (2015). Bioindikation of pollution of Krasnoyarsk districts by size of fluctuating asymmetry of a leaf blade of Ulmus pumila. Messenger of KrasSAU, no. 11, pp. 67–72.
[6] Klisarić, N.B., Miljković, D., Avramov, S., Zivkovic, U. (2014). Fluctuating asymmetry in Robinia pseudoacacia leaves -- possible in situ biomarker? Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 21, no. 22, pp. 12928–12940.
[7] Wuytack, T., Wuyts, K., Van Dongen, S. et al. (2011). The effect of air pollution and other environmental stressors on leaf fluctuating asymmetry and specific leaf area of Salix alba L. Environmental pollution, no. 159(10), pp. 2405–2411.
[8] Sandnera, T.M., Zverev, V., Kozlov, M.V. (2019). Can the use of landmarks improve the suitability of fluctuating asymmetry in plant leaves as an indicator of stress? Ecological Indicators, vol. 97, pp. 457–465.
[9] Kozlov, M.V. (2017). Study of fluctuating asymmetry of plants in Russia: mythology and methodology. Ecology, no. 1, pp. 3–12.
[10] Methodical recommendations on quality assessment of the environment by the state of living beings: Decree Rosecology No. 460-r of 16 October 2003. M, 2003, pp. 24.
[11] Zakharov, V.M., Baranov, A.S., Borisov, V.I. et al. (2000). Health of the environment: assessment technique. Moscow: Center of environmental policy of Russia, pp. 66.
[12] Zorina, A.A. (2012). Methods of statistical analysis of fluctuating asymmetry. Principles of ecology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 24–47.