Depression and Its Related Factors in Indonesian Congestive Heart Failure Patients Population
Abstract
Background: Depression in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients influence the quality of life and worsen their condition. However, Depression and factors related to its incidences in CHF patients in Indonesia are little known.
Objectives: This study aimed to identify depression incidences and its related factors, including age, sex, working status, education level, and duration of illness.
Methods: This study was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population was CHF patients who were undergoing treatment in one of the referral hospital in Bandung West-Java, Indonesia. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling and obtained 51 respondents for one month period. The data was collected using the Beck Depression Inventory-II instrument and analyzed using frequency distribution; Sommers’d Gamma; and Contingency coefficient Lambda.
Result: The frequencies of respondents who experienced depression were mild in 62.7%; depression in 21.6%, and moderate in 5.9%. Besides, factors that significantly related to a depression were age (p=0.001, r=-0.419); and duration of illness (p=0.02, r=-0.396). Other factors were sex; working status; and education level, with the p-value were 0.100; 0.122; and 0.278 respectively. Conclusion: Most of the respondents experienced mild to moderate depression with agesanddurationofillnessassignificantrelatedfactors.Themoreagesandthemore duration of CHF diagnosis, the less depression occurred to the respondents. Thus nurses need to be conscious of the incidence of depression in younger age and or newly diagnosed CHF patients.
References
[1] Ponikowski,P.,Anker,S.D.,AlHabib,K.F.,Cowie,M.R.,Force,T.L.,Hu,S.,…Filippatos,G.(2014).Heart failure: preventing disease and death worldwide. ESC Heart Failure, 1(1), 4–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ ehf2.12005
[2] Hiriscau, E. I., & Bodolea, C. (2019). The Role of Depression and Anxiety in Frail Patients with Heart Failure. Diseases, 7(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases7020045.
[3] Sokoreli, I., de Vries, J. J. G., Pauws, S. C., & Steyerberg, E. W. (2016). Depression and anxiety as predictorsofmortalityamongheartfailurepatients:systematicreviewandmeta-analysis.HeartFailure Reviews, 21(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-015-9517-4
[4] Rutledge, T., Reis, V. A., Linke, S. E., Greenberg, B. H., & Mills, P. J. (2006). Depression in Heart Failure. A Meta-Analytic Review of Prevalence, Intervention Effects, and Associations With Clinical Outcomes. JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology,48(8),1527–1537.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06. 055
[5] Hallas, C. N., Wray, J., Andreou, P., & Banner, N. R. (2011). Depression and perceptions about heart failure predict quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure. Heart and Lung: Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 40(2), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.12.008
[6] Müller-Tasch,T.,Peters-Klimm,F.,Schellberg,D.,Holzapfel,N.,Barth,A.,Jünger,J.,…Herzog,W.(2007). Depression Is a Major Determinant of Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure in General Practice. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 13(10), 818–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARDFAIL.2007. 07.008
[7] Graven, L. J., Martorella, G., Gordon, G., Grant Keltner, J. S., & Higgins, M. K. (2017). Predictors of depression in outpatients with heart failure: An observational study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 69, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.01.014
[8] Husain,M.I.,Chaudhry,I.B.,Husain,M.O.,Abrol,E.,Junejo,S.,Saghir,T.,…Husain,N.(2019).Depression andcongestiveheartfailure:AlargeprospectivecohortstudyfromPakistan.JournalofPsychosomatic Research, 120, 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.03.008
[9] Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and-IIinPsychiatricOutpatients.JournalofPersonalityAssessment,67(3),588–597.https://doi.org/10. 1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
[10] Ginting, H., Näring, G., Van Der Veld, W. M., Srisayekti, W., & Becker, E. S. (2013). Validating the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Indonesia’s general population and coronary heart disease patients. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 13(3), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S16972600(13)70028-0
[11] Trivedi, R. B., Blumenthal, J. A., O’Connor, C., Adams, K., Hinderliter, A., Dupree, C., … Sherwood, A. (2009). Coping styles in heart failure patients with depressive symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 67(4), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.05.014 [12] Jiang,W.,Alexander,J.,Christopher,E.,Kuchibhatla,M.,Gaulden,Cuffe,…Krishnan.(2001).Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure. ArchivesofInternalMedicine,161(15),1849–1856.Retrievedfromhttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T= JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed8&NEWS=N&AN=32762729 [13] Zahid, I., Baig, M. A., Ahmed Gilani, J., Waseem, N., Ather, S., Farooq, A. S., … Fatima, K. (2018). Frequency and predictors of depression in congestive heart failure. Indian Heart Journal, 70, S199– S203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2018.10.410
[14] Nuraeni,A.,Ibrahim,K.,&Rizmadewi,H.(2013).MaknaSpiritualitaspadaKliendenganSindromKoroner Akut. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran, 1(2).
[15] Livneh,H.,&Antonak,R.F.(1997).Psychosocialadaptationtochronicillnessanddisability.Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability., 83, xxii, 470–xxii, 470.
[16] Allman, E., Berry, D., & Nasir, L. (2009). Depression and coping in heart failure patients: A review of the literature. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 24(3), 190–191. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN. 0b013e31819f303e