Impact of Centella Asiatica Extract on Memory and Adrenal Weight after Chronic Stress on Spraque Dawley rats
Abstract
Chronic stress is a common daily problem which may lead to the disruption of brain function including memory. One of the treatments for stress-related problems is the administration of medicinal plants such as Centella asiatica (CA). The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of the extract of Centella asiatica on adrenal weight and memory after chronic stress. Thirty adult male Spraque-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus), were divided into 6 groups; each group consisted of 5 rats (n=5). The control group (C) was as normal control without stress and Treatment groups were Stress, CA150, CA300, CA600 and Fluo10 that receiving chronic immobilization stress. Stress group only received chronic stress treatment while other groups were also
treated with CA ethanolic extract at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kgBW and 10 mg/kgBW of fluoxetine respectively. Chronic stress was triggered by immobilizing the rats in an acrylic tube for 6 hours per day for 21 days. Following this, the Moris Water Maze test was performed for 6 days to test the memory. One day after the test, the rats were terminated; the adrenal glands were evacuated and weighed. Acquisition trial showed improvement in memory performance from day to day (p<0.05) but there was no difference between groups (p > 0.05). Probe trial revealed the same result (p>0.05). The average percentage of adrenal glands relative to body weight in group Control, Stress, Stress, CA150, CA300, CA600 and Fluo10 were: 0.1592, 0.1838, 0.1942, 0.167, 0.1774 and 0.2024%, respectively (p>0.05). We conclude that the CA extract might influence memory performance and adrenal weight after chronic stress exposure although it was not statistically significant.
References
[1] Sousa N 2006 Mol. Psychiatry 21 302-12
[2] Sántha P, Veszelka S, Hoyk Z, Mészáros M, Walter FR, Tóth AE, Kiss L, Kincses A, Oláh Z, Seprényi G, Rákhely G, Dér A, Pákáski M, Kálmán J, Kittel Á and Deli MA 20016 Front. Mol. Neurosci 88 1-15
[3] Liu X, Wu R, Tai F 2013 Brain Res. 1502 71-80.
[4] Garret JE, Wellman CL 2009 Neuroscience 162 195-207
[5] Venero C, Tilling T, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Schmidt R, Schachner M, and Sandi C 2002. Neuroscience 115 1211-19
[6] Sari DCR, Aswin S, Susilowati R, Ar-Rochmah M, Arfian N 2014 JPsych 1 61-6
[7] Rao M, Ghadad K, Rao M, and Rao G 2008 J Chin Med Assoc 71 6-13
[8] Soumyanath A, Zhong YP, Gold SA, Yu X, Koop D and Bourdette D 2005 J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 57 1221-9
[9] Rao KG, Rao SM and Rao SG 2005 Neuroanatomy 4: 18-23
[10] Chen Y, Han T, Rui Y, Qin L and Zheng H 2005 Zhong Yao Cai 28 492-6
[11] Hermawati E, Sari DCR, and Partadiredja G 2014 Anat Sci Int 90 275-86
[12] Uygur EA and Arslan M 2010 Acta Physiol Hung 97 297-306
[13] Joëls M and Baram TZ 2009 Nat. Rev. Neurosci 10 459-66
[14] Reul JM and de Kloet Ern 1985 117 2505-11
[15] Ulrich-Lai YM, Figueiredo HF, Ostrander MM, Choi DC, Engeland WC, Herman JP 2006 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 291 965-73
[16] McGaugh J 2000 Science 287 248-51
[17] Hoschl C and HajekT 2001 Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 251 81-8
[18] Krzak JS, Lupina IZ, Czern K, Stepniewska M and Wrobel A 2003 Acta Neurobilol. Exp 63 1-8
[19] Sapolsky RM 2003 Neurochem. Res. 28 1735-42
[20] Roy M and Sapolsky RM 2003 Neuroendocrinology 77 24-31
[21] Gubba EM, Fawcett JW and Herbert J 2004 Mol. Brain Res. 127 48-59
[22] Mohammadi HS, Goudarzi I, Lashkarbolouki T, Abrari K, and Salmani ME 2014 Behav. Brain Res. 270 196-205
[23] Hemamalini S and Rao MS 2013 Int J Pharmacol and Clin Sci 2 25-32