Intestinal Parasitic Worm Infections among Food Handlers in the Canteens of a University
Abstract
This research aims to identify intestinal parasitic worm infections in food handlers and to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of respondents based on the Five Keys to Safer Food manual [21]. The research design isdescriptive analytic and usesthe variables knowledge, attitude, behavior, and intestinal parasitic worm infections. A purposive sampling method was applied to determine the population and sample. The sample consisted of 99 food handlers from 16 locations in the canteens of University X in Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The results showed that four respondents had an intestinal parasitic worm infection: Trichuristrichiura (3 respondents) and Hymenolepis diminuta (1respondent). The assessment of the respondents’ knowledge, attitude, and behavior was predominantly in the category ‘unsatisfactory’: knowledge was rated
unsatisfactory for 54% of respondents, attitude was rated unsatisfactory for 46%, and behavior was rated unsatisfactory for 57%. Respondents found to be infected were reported to the management team at the university that carries out follow-up action. It is important to conduct routine inspections related to sanitation, to provide regular hygiene education in all canteens, and to create a certification program to improve the quality of sanitation and hygiene.
Keywords: Intestinal parasites worm, food handler, Five keys to safer food, canteen
References
[1] Abdul-Mutalib, Noor-azira, Mohammad-Faid Abdul-Rashid, Shuhaimi Mustafa, Syafinaz Amin-Nordin, Rukman Awang Hamat, and Malina Osman. 2012. “Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Food Hygiene and Sanitation of Food Handlers in Kuala Pilah, Malaysia.” Food Control27(2): 289–93. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.04.001.
[2] Angulo, Frederick J, and Timothy F Jones. 2006. “Eating in Restaurants: A Risk Factor for Foodborne Disease?” Clinical Infectious Diseases 43 (10): 1324–28. doi:10.1086/508540.
[3] Ayeh-Kumi, PF, S Quarcoo, G Kwakye-Nuako, JP Kretchy, A Osafo Kantanka, and S Mortu. 2009. “Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Food Vendors in Accra, Ghana.” Journal of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 32 (1): 1–8.
[4] Brown, Laura Green, Danny Ripley, Henry Blade, Dave Reimann, Karen Everstine, Dave Nicholas, Jessica Egan, Nicole Koktavy, and Daniela N Quilliam. 2012. “Restaurant Food Cooling Practices.” Journal of Food Protection 75 (12): 2172–78. doi:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-256.
[5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2014. “About Parasites.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/about.html# infections.
[6] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2016. “Foodborne Germs and Illnesses.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/ foodborne-germs.html.
[7] Dewi, Susanna, Tris Eryando, Aria Kusuma, Yvonne M Indrawani, and Zakianis. 2015. “The Correlation Between the Storage of Food Ingredients Before Preparation and Leftover or Unprocessed Ingredient Storage to Escherichia Coli Contamination in Campus’ Food Service.” International Journal of Tropical Medicine 10 (3): 10–16. doi:10.3923/ijtmed.2015.10.16.
[8] Gomes-Neves, Eduarda, Carla Sofia Cardoso, Ana Cristina Araújo, and Manuel Correia. 2010. “Meat Handlers Training in Portugal: A Survey on Knowledge and Practice.”Food Control 22 (3-4). doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.09.036.
[9] Fouladkhah, Aliyar, Ifigenia Geornaras, and John N Sofos. 2012. “Effects of Reheating against Listeria monocytogenesInoculated on Cooked Chicken Breast Meat Stored Aerobically at 7°C.” Food Protection Trends 32 (11): 697–704.
[10] Hotez, Peter J, Paul J Brindley, Jeffrey M Bethony, Charles H King, Edward J Pearce, and Julie Jacobson. 2008. “Helminth Infections: The Great Neglected Tropical Diseases.” Journal of Clinical Investigation 118 (4): 1311–21. doi:10.1172/JCI34261.
[11] Lowrey, Peter. 2014. “‘ Top Ten ’ List of Food-Borne Parasites Released.” http:/www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/237323/icode/.
[12] Mama, Mohammedaman, and Getaneh Alemu. 2016. “Prevalence and Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Food Handlers of Southern Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study.” BMC Public Health Feb 1; 16; 105. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2790-x.
[13] Manan, Widiastuti S. 2011. “Intestinal Parasites from Fingernails of Sidewalk Food Vendors.” Universa Medicina 30 (2): 120–25.doi 10.1805/UnivMed.2011.v30.120-125.
[14] Motazedian, Mohammad Hossein, Mohsen Najjari, Mohammad Ebrahimipour, Qasem Asgari, Sousan Mojtabavi, and Majid Mansouri. 2015. “Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Food-handlers in Shiraz, Iran.” Iranian J Parasitol 10 (4): 652–57.
[15] Nigusse, Daniel, and Abera Kumie. 2012. “Food Hygiene Practices and Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Food Handlers Working in Mekelle University Student’s Cafeteria, Mekelle.” Global Advanced Research Journal of Social Science 1 (4): 65–71.
[16] Nyarango, Robert M, Peninah AAloo, Ephantus W Kabiru, and Benson O Nyanchongi. 2008. “The Risk of Pathogenic Intestinal Parasite Infections in Kisii Municipality, Kenya.” BMC Public Health 8: 237. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-237.
[17] Omalu, I C J, S Paul, L A Adeniran, S C Hassan, V A Pam, S S Eke, and G C Eze. 2013. “Assessment of the Level of Gastrointestinal Parasites Infection among Food Vendors in Minna, North Central Nigeria.” Annual Review & Research in Biology 3 (4): 705–13.
[18] Ramakrishnaiah Y., Ketha Ravindra Reddy, and Bhuvana Rachangan. 2014. “Parasites Detected among Food Handlers.” Indian Journal of Medical Case Reports 3 (1): 76–77. http://www.cibtech.org/jcr.htm.
[19] State, Ogun. 2016. “Prevalence of Parasites Found on Vegetables, and Perception of Retailers and Consumers about Contamination in Abeokuta Area of Ogun State, Nigeria” Clinical Microbiology & Case Reports 2 (1): 1–5.
[20] U. S.Food & Drug Administration. 2013. Food Code2013. https://www.fda.gov/ food/guidanceregulation/retailfoodprotection/foodcode/ucm374275.htm
[21] World Health Organization. 2006. Five keys to safer food manual. http://www.who. int/foodsafety/publications/5keysmanual/en/.