Climate Factors and Dengue Fever in Jakarta 2011–2015
Abstract
Dengue fever is a public concern because of its outbreak with a high mortality rate. Aedes aegypti as a vector of dengue fever is very sensitive to its environment, especially to climate variability. The aim of the study was to examine the correlation between climate factors (temperature, rainfall, humidity, and solar radiation) and
dengue fever cases in Jakarta 2011-2015, since Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia. It was a quantitative study with an ecological study design. A correlation test was used to determine the correlation between the independent and dependent variables. The study was carried out in Jakarta using secondary data from the Health District Office of Jakarta for monthly data on dengue fever cases and the Soekarno-Hatta Meteorological Station for daily converted to monthly climate data from January 2011 to December 2015. The instruments used to measure independent variables were a thermometer for temperature, tipping for rainfall index, hygrometer for humidity, and Campbell-stokes for solar radiation. The results showed a significant correlation between the climate variables studied – these were temperature (p-value<0.05, r=-0,293), rainfall (p-value<0.05, r=0,327), humidity (p-value<0.05, r=0,586), and solar radiation (p-value<0.05, r=-0,408) – and dengue fever cases in Jakarta 2011- 2015. It was concluded that four independent variables had an influence of the increase in the number of cases. There were two climate variables that had a positive correlation with dengue fever cases, namely humidity and rainfall, while temperature and solar radiation had negative correlations. The highest correlation value was that of humidity with a strong correlation category. The remaining factors, namely temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation, were in the medium correlation category.
Keywords: Dengue, temperature, rainfall, humidity, solar radiation
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