IDENTIFICATION OF JAVAN LANGUR (<i>Trachypithecus auratus</i>) IN JAVAN LANGUR CENTER (JLC) COBAN TALUN, BATU BASED ON Cytochrome-b SEQUENCE

Abstract

Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is an endemic langur in Indonesia which classified as vulnerable primate. Some researches divided Javan Langur species into some subspecies, yet was not described properly. Cytochrome-b sequence from mitochondrial DNA is able to determine samples between and intra-species as well. This study aimed to identify the Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) samples named Andin (@&) and Bobby (B&), both are rehabilitated in Javan Langur Center (JLC). The amplification of Cytochrome-b gene from whole blood DNA with PCR technique using forward primer L151625’­CTTCCATGAGGACAAATATC-3’ and reverse primer Rmuc15’-GTGGAGTATAGGTATGATTGC-3’. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on MEGA 5 using maximum likelihood (ML) method and pairwise distance analysis with Kimura-2 parameter model resulted that Andin and Bobby are in the same group with
T. a. auratus. Andin is in the same clade with T. a. auratus haplotype aaF, while Bobby in the same clade T.
a. auratus and T. a. auratus haplotype aaC. We concluded that both of them belong to T. a. auratus subspecies.


Keywords: Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus), Javan Langur Center (JLC), Cytochrome-b

References
Bradley, R.D., and R.J. Baker. 2001. A Test of the Genetic Species Concept: Cytochrome-b Sequences and Mammals. Journal of Mammalogy, 82: 960-973.
Brandon-Jones, D. 1995. A Revision of the Asian Pied Leaf-Monkeys (Mammalia: Cercopithecidae, superspesies Semnopithecus auratus), with a Description of a New Subspesies. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 43: 3-43.
Brandon-Jones, D. 2004. ATaxonomic Revision of the Langurs and Leaf Monkeys (Primates: Colobinae) of South Asia. Zoo’s Print Journal, 19 (8): 1552-1594.
Caine, L., G. Lima, L. Pontes, D. Abrantes, M. Pereira, and M.F. Pinheiro. 2006. Species Identification by Cytochrome-b Gene: Casework Samples. International Congress Series, 1288: 145-147.
Castresana, J. 2001. Cytochrome-b Phylogeny and the Taxonomy of Great Apes and Mammals. Molecular Biology Evolution, 18 (4): 465-471.
Farias, I.P., G. Orti, I. Sampaio, H. Schneider, and A. Meyer. 2001. The Cytochrome b Gene as a Phylogenetic Marker: the Limits of Resolution for Analyzing Relationships Among Cichlid Fishes. Molecular Evolution, 53: 89-103.
Groves, C.P., and V. Weitzel. 1985. The Nomenclature and Taxonomy of the Colobine Monkeys of Java. International Journal of Primatology, 6 (4): 399-409.
Karanth, P.K., L. Singh, R.V. Collura, and C.B. Stewart, C.B. 2008. Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Langurs and Leaf Monkeys of South Asia (Primates: Colobinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46: 683-694.
Kurniawan, I. 2012a. Perbedaan Fisik antara Lutung Jawa subspesies T. a. auratus dan T. a. mauritius. Malang: JLC Press.
Kurniawan, I. 2012b. Profil Program Rehabilitasi Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus). Malang: JLC Press.
Muslih, M. 2011. Kekerabatan Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) berdasarkan Sekuen Gen Cyt-b di Javan Langur Center (JLC). Skripsi. Malang: FMIPA UM.
Nicolas, V., B. Schaeffer, A.D. Missoup, J. Kennis, M. Colyn, C. Denys, C. Tatard, C. Cruaud, C. Laredo. 2012. Assesment of Three Mitochondrial Genes (16S, Cytb, COI) for Identifying Species in the Praomyini Tribe (Rodentia: Muridae). Plos One, 7 (5): 1-11.
Nijman, V. 2000. Geographic Distribution of Ebony Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus auratus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae). Contributions to Zoology, 69 (3).
Prusak, B., T. Grzybowski, and J. Bednarek. 2005. Cytochrome b Gene (cytb) in Analysis of Anonymous Biological Traces and its Application in Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Conservation. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 23 (4): 229-236.
Tobe, S.S., A. Kitchener, and A. Linacre. 2009. Cytochrome-b or Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I for Mammalian Species Identification-an Answer to the Debate. Forensic Science International: Genetic Supplement Series, 2 (1): 306-307.
Tsai, L-C., M-T. Huang, C-T. Hsiao, C-Y. A. Lin, S-J. Chen, J.C-I. Lee, and H-M. Hsieh. 2007. Species Identification of Animal Specimens by Cytochrome b Gene. Forensic Science Journal, 6 (1): 63-6.
Vun, V.F., M.C. Mahani, M. Lakim, A. Ampeng, and B.M. Md-Zain. 2011. Phylogenetic Relationships of Leaf Monkeys (Presbytis; Colobinae) based on Cytochrome-b and 12S rRNA Genes. Genetic and Molecular Research, 10 (1): 368-381.