IDENTIFICATION OF JAVAN LANGUR (<i>Trachypithecus auratus</i>) IN JAVAN LANGUR CENTER (JLC) COBAN TALUN-BATU BASED ON D-LOOP SEQUENCES
Abstract
Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is one of endemic primates in Indonesia and classified into vulnerable level. Based on its morphological characteristic and geographic area, Javan Langur divided into 2 subspecies, those are Trachypithecus auratus auratus and Trachypithecus auratus mauritius. The identification of its morphological characteristic and genetic in species or subspecies level is important before releasing because it is correlated with inbreeding grouping and releasing place. The aim of this study is to identify the Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in Javan Langur Center (JLC) Coban Talun-Batu based on D-Loop sequence. The blood sample used in this study was taken from two adult female Javan Langur named Ijem and Embun, that have different morphological characteristics. Both (primates) are suggested to be T.a.mauritius and T.a.auratus respectively. The amplification of D-Loop sequence by mean of PCR technique was performed using specific designed primers forward D-LoopRs 5’-GTACTTAACTCCACCACCAA-3’ and reverse D-LoopRs 5’-GTTGAGTTGGGTATGCTCGA-3’. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on MEGA 5 using Maximum Likelihood (ML) method and pairwise distance analysis with Kimura-2 parameter model shows that Ijem and Embun are placed in different clade. Pairwise distance from those samples value is 11,4%, it prove that they are interspecies. This result supports the morphological characteristic and previous research used Cyt-b sequence, Ijem is Trachypithecus auratus mauritius and Embun is Trachypithecus auratus auratus.
Keywords : Identification, Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus), D-loop, Javan Langur Center
References
Aggarwal, R.K., T. Kivisild, J. Ramadevi, and L. Singh, L. 2007. Mitochondrial DNA Coding Region Sequences Support The Phylogenetic Distinction of Two Indian Wolf Species. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 45(2): 163 – 172.
Alamendah. 2010. Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus). http://alamendah.wordpress.com/ 2010/07/13/lutung-jawa-Trachypithecus-auratus/, accessed 1 June 2011.
Arif, I.A., and H.A. Khan. 2009. Molecular Marker for Biodiversity Analysis of Wildlife Animal: a brief review. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 32(1): 9 – 17.
Brandon-Jones, D. 2004. A taxonomic Revision of the Langur and Leaf Monkeys (Primates: Colobinae) of South Asia. Zoos’ Print Journal 19(8): 1552-1594.
Horai, S., R. Kondo, Y. Nakagawa-Hattori, S. Hayashi, S. Sonada, S., and K. Tajimaas. 1993. Peopling of the Americas, founded by four mayor lineages of Mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10: 23 – 47.
IUCN. 2009. Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus). http://www.iucnredlist.org/, accessed 3 June 2011.
Kocher, T. D., W.K. Thomas, A. Meyer, S.V. Edwards, S. Paabo, F.X. Villablanca, and A.C. Wilson. 1989. Dinamics of Mitochondria DNA Evolution in Animals: Amplification and Sequencing with Conserve Primers. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science of the United States of america. 86 : 6196-6200.
Kurniawan, I. 2013. Personal Communication.
Rosenblum, L.L., J. Supriatna, M.N. Hasan, and D.J. Melnick. 1997. High Mitochondrial DNA Diversity with Little Structure Within and Among Leaf Monkey Population (Trachypithecus cristatus and Trachypithecus auratus). International Journal of Primatology. 18 (6) : 1005-1028.
Sakti, M.A.E. 2011. Keragaman Genetik Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus Geoffroy 1812) di Pusat Rehabilitasi Javan Langur Conservation Program Berdasarkan Gen Cyt B. Master’s Thesis. Malang : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya.
Statham, M.J., N.T. Lyudmila, B.N. Sacks, A.V. Kharlamova, I.N. Oskina, R.G. Gulevich, J.L. Johnson, S.V. Temnykh, G.M. Acland, and A.V. Kukekova. 2011. On the Origin of a Domesticated Species: Identifying the Parent Population of Russian Silver Foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2: 1 – 8.
Supriatna, J., and E.H. Wahono. 2000. Panduan Lapangan Primata Indonesia. Jakarta : Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Warren, S.K., J.E. Versscoor, S. Langenhuijzen, Heriyanto, A.R. Swan, L. Vn vaigilant, and L.J. Heeney. 2001. Speciation and Intrasubspecific Variation of Bornean Orangutans, Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18(4): 472-480