ISOLATION OF Β-ACTIN PROMOTER DERIVED FROM WALKING CATFISH (CLARIAS BATRACHUS)

Abstract

Fish growth improvement as economic traits can be solved through fish transgenic production. Growth hormone gene is inserted into transgenic vector construction to over-express fish growth. The promoter as a part of the expression vector has an important role in its regulation. The use of promoter which is derived from mammalian or virus (such as CMV/ cytomegalovirus) in the expression vector, in specific goal as food material, has customer resistant rather than a promoter which is derived from in- sibling species. Beside of it, transgene expression level when using in-sibling promoter showed higher than using mammalian or viral promoter. The β-actin promoter is screened from walking catfish pituitary genome DNA using primers: pBA-cy-F (5’- GTGWGTGACGCYGGACCAAATC-3’) as forward primer and pBA-cy-R (5’- CCATRTCRTCCCAGTTGGTSACAAT-3’) as reverse primer, produced an amplicon of 1,7 kb in length. Sequence analysis using TF BindTM indicated transcription factor elements: TATA box, CCAAT box, enhancer (CAAT), and CarGG (CAAATGG) motif. This result showed that promoter which is obtained from this research is useful in construction of all catfish growth hormone vector expression catfish transgenic production.

Keywords: β-actin promoter, growth hormone, expression vector, walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) 

References
Alam MS, Lavender FL, Iyengar A, Rahman MA, Ayad HH, Lathe R, Morley SD and Maclean N. 1996. Comparison of the activity of carp and rat β-actin gene regulatory sequences in tilapia and rainbow trout embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 45:47-122.
Alimuddin. 2003. Introduction and expression of foreign ∆6-desaturase-like gene in a teleostean fish. Thesis. Tokyo University of Fisheries, Japan.
Alimuddin, Yoshizaki, G., Kiron, V., Satoh, S., and Takeuchi, T. 2005. Enhancement of EPA and DHA biosynthesis by over-expression of masu salmon “6-desaturase- like gene in zebrafish. Transgenic Research 14:159-165.
Alimuddin, A. Octavera, O.Z. Arifin dan K. Sumantadinata. 2008. Karakterisasi promoter β-actin ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 7(2):115-127.
Aranburu, A., D. Liberg, B. Honore, and T. Leandersen. 2006. CarG box-binding factor-A interacts with multiple motifs in immunoglobulin promoter and has a regulated sub cellular distribution. Eur. J. Immunol. 36:2192-2202.
Argenton, F, S. Bernardini, S. Puttini, M. Bortolessi. 1991. A TGACG motif mediates growth-hormone factor-1/pituitary-transcriptional-activator-1-dependent cAMP regulation of the rainbow trout growth hormone promoter. Eur. J. Biochem. 238:591-598.
Ath-thar, M.F. 2007. The effectiveness of a-actin promoter medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) with marker genes hrGFP (humanized Renilla reniformis Green Fluorescent Protein) in catfish (Clarias sp.) F0 progeny. Thesis Department of Aquaculture. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences. Bogor. Bogor Agricultural University.
Fletcher, G.L., R.S. Hobbs, R.P. Evans, M.A. Shears, A.L. Hahn and C.L. Hew. 2011. Lysozyme transgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).Aquaculture Reseacrh 42:427-440.
Ge JZ. Dong, J. Li, Z. Xu, W. Song, J. Bao, D. Liang, and J. Li. 2012. Isolation of yellow catfish β-actin promoter and generation of transgenic yellow catfish expressing enhanced yellow flourescent protein. Transgenic Research 21(5) : 99 –1004.
Hew CL., and G.L. Fletcher. 2001. The role of aquatic biotechnology in aquaculture. Aquaculture 197:191-204.
Higashijima, S., H. Okamoto, N. Ueno, Y. Hotta and G. Eguchi. 1997. High frequency generation of transgenis zebrafish which reliably express GFP in whole muscles or the whole body by using promoters of zebrafish origin. Dev. Biol. 192:289- 299.
Hoffman, A., T. Oelgeschlager and R.G Roeder. 1997. Review considerations of transcriptional central mechanism: Do TFIID-core promoter complexes recapitulate nucleosome-like functions. Prot.Natl.Acad.Sci. USA 94:8928-8935.
Kato, K., M. Takagi, Y. Tamaru, S-I, Akiyama, T. Konishi, O. Murata, and H. Kumai. 2007. Construction of an expression vector containing a β-actin promoter region for gene transfer by microinjection in red se bream Pagrus major. Fisheries Science 73:440-445.
Kobayashi, S-I, Alimuddin, T. Morita, M. Miwa, J. Lu, M. Endo, T. Takeuchi, and G.Yoshizaki. 2007. Transgenic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) over- expression growth hormone show reduced ammonia excretion. Aquaculture 270:427-435.
Maclean, N, and R.J. Laight. 2000. Transgenic fish: an evaluation of benefits and risks. Fin Fish., 1:146-172.
Meenakumari, S., R. Priyadharsini, P. Gunasekaran, T.Pandian, and S. Mathavan. 2004 (unpublished). Molecular cloning and characterization of β-actin promoter from Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.
Santoro, I.M., and K. Walsh. 1991. Natural and synthetic DNA elements with the CarG motif differ in expression and protein-binding properties. Molecular and Cellular Biology 11(12):6296-6305.
Song, W., L.X. Wang, and Q.S. Zhao. 2012 (unpblished). Isolation of yellow catfish β- actin and generation of transgenic yellow catfish expressing enhanced yellow flourescent protein.