Probióticos Como Aditivos Dietéticos Para Cerdos. Una Revisión/Probiotics as Dietetic Additives for Pigs. A Review
Abstract
Por varias décadas se ha utilizado en los sistemas intensivos y semi intensivos de producción porcina los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento, con la finalidad de controlar los problemas digestivos y respiratorios y mejorar la eficiencia. Sin embargo, su utilización en la alimentación de animales destinados al consumo humano, se relaciona con la crisis de salud global por la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. A nivel internacional, varias jurisdicciones respondieron a través de la restricción o prohibición del uso de estos productos. Esta situación condujo a que diferentes grupos de investigación se centraran en el estudio y desarrollo de alternativas para mantener la salud de los animales y el rendimiento productivo. Dentro de estas alternativas se incluyen probióticos que son uno de los aditivos alimentarios más estudiados y se definen como microorganismo(s) vivo (s) que cuando se adicionan en cantidades adecuadas influyen benéficamente en la salud del huésped. La aplicación de estos productos en la alimentación de cerdos puede modular la respuesta inmune y mejorar los parámetros zootécnicos de conversión alimenticia y ganancia de peso vivo final. Además, se pueden utilizar en el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas digestivas, como la diarrea, lo que aporta un beneficio económico importante en la industria porcina. En este estudio, se realizó una revisión de las diferentes etapas fisiológicas de cerdos con 23 citas bibliográficas y 50 referencias sobre la utilización de probióticos en la especie porcina como la utilización de probióticos en la alimentación.
For several decades, antibiotic growth promoters have been used in intensive and semi-intensive systems of swine production, with the purpose of controlling digestive and respiratory problems and improving efficiency. However, its use in feeding animals destined for human consumption is related to the global health crisis due to resistance to antimicrobials. Internationally, several jurisdictions responded by restricting or prohibiting the use of these products. This situation led to different research groups focusing on the study and development of alternatives to maintain animal health and productive performance. These alternatives include probiotics that are one of the most studied food additives and are defined as live microorganism (s) that, when added in adequate amounts, beneficially influence the health of the host. The application of these products in pig feed can modulate the immune response and improve the zootechnical parameters of feed conversion and final live weight gain. In addition, they can be used in the treatment of digestive infectious diseases, such as diarrhea, which provides a significant economic benefit in the swine industry. In this study, a review was made of the different physiological stages of pigs with 23 citations and 50 references on the use of probiotics in swine as the use of probiotics in food.
Palabras Claves: Probióticos, antibióticos, rendimiento productivo, salud del huésped.
Keywords: Probiotics, antibiotics, productive performance, guest health.
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