Effect of Andrographolide on Foam Cell Formation at the Initiation Stage of Atherosclerosis
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by multiple processes. Inflammation is the main mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The initiation stage of atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of foam cells. Andrographolide is a compound that has an anti-inflammatory effect that is expected to be used as an anti-atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate andrographolide effect on foam cell formation at the initiation stage of atherosclerosis. The study was conducted on 27 rats divided into 3 groups (n=9). Group 1 was given a normal diet. Group 2 was given an atherogenic diet (vitamin D3 700,000 IU/kg on the first day and 2% cholesterol, 5% goat fat, 0.2% cholic acid and standard diet up to 100% for 2 days). Group 3 was given an atherogenic diet and andrographolide 40 mg/kg. The andrographolide effect on foam cell formation was assessed by histopathologic examination using hematoxylin eosin staining. The results showed that the number of foam cells was increased significantly in atherogenic diet-fed rats compared to normal diet-fed rats (82.33 + 13.10 vs. 5.33 + 1.73; P<0,05). Andrographolide reduced this number remarkably (82.33 + 13.10 vs. 7.44 + 1.62; P<0,05). In conclusion, andrographolide inhibits the formation of foam cells at the initiation stage of atherosclerosis. Thus andrographolide can be potentially developed as an anti-atherosclerosis.
Keywords: andrographolide, foam cell, atherosclerosis
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