Evaluation of Serum IgA Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Early and Viral Capsid Antigens in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique geographic distribution, with endemic areas in southern China and intermediate incidence rates in Southeast Asia including Indonesia. NPC is the most common head and neck cancer in Indonesia. The cause of NPC is suspected to be an interaction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. EBV infection has been shown to play an important role in the cause of NPC. EBV DNA and anti-EBV can be detected in most NPC patients in endemic area, making EBV-related antibody as important non-invasive test for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The objectives of this study were to investigate serum level and prevalence of EBV EA-IgA and VCA-IgA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: A total of 15 untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang were recruited, in parallel with 15 healthy individuals as controls. Serum EA-IgA and VCA-IgA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive criteria were: EA-IgA > 8 U/ml, VCA-IgA > 8 U/ml. Results: The prevalence of serum EA-IgA and VCA-IgA in NPC patients (66.7% and 80.0%) was significantly higher than in the control groups (0.0% and 0.0%) (p<0.05). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients had higher EA-IgA levels (114.705±136.524) compared to healthy controls (1.749±0.498) (P<0.05) and higher VCA-IgA (mean 22.958 ±16.919) compared to healthy controls (1.571±0.572) (P<0.05). Conclusions: The IgA antibodies level to Epstein-Barr EA and VCA were elevated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and were more prevalence in NPC patients than those in the controls.
Keywords: nasopharyngeal, carcinoma, Epstein-Barr virus, IgA antibody
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