Estimation of Rainfall Rate Cumulative Distribution in Indonesia Using Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Data
Abstract
Accurate estimation of cumulative distribution of rain rate with 1-minute integration time is required to predict the attenuation of electromagnetic wave in rain medium. The model which is provided by the International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) is the most commonly used model to estimate 1-min integrated rain rate statistics. This model needs mean yearly rainfall accumulation (Mt) and the probability of rain (P0 ) as input which are originally derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data. In the current work, the use of Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) data as input of ITU-R P.837-6 model was examined. The GSMaP data have better spatial and temporal resolutions than ERA-40. It was found that Mt and P0 values from GSMaP data are closer to Mt and P0 obtained from rain gauge than that of ITU-R model. One-min rain rate estimated by modified ITU-R model was compared with the rain gauge data at Kototabang, and DBSG3 data for Bandung and with the value reported by previous studies. The use of Mt and P0 derived from GSMaP data for the ITU-R model input provides similar distribution of 1-min rain rate with the rain gauge data at Kototabang especially for percentage times of less than 0.01%, while for percentage times more than 0.01%, ITU-R with default input provides closer distribution to rain gauge data.
Keywords: rain rate cumulative distribution, GSMaP, ITU-R P.837-6, Indonesia
References
[1] Marzuki et al.(2016). Cumulative Distributions of Rainfall Rate over Sumatra, Progress in Electromagnetics Research M. 49, 1-8 [10.2528/PIERM16043007].
[2] Azlan et al.(2013). 1-Minute Integrated Rain Rate Statistics Estimated From Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Data, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 12, 132 – 135 [10.1109/LAWP.2013.224310].
[3] Marzuki et al.(2009). Diurnal Variation of Rain Attenuation Obtained From Measurement of Raindrop Size Distribution in Equatorial Indonesia, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 57, 1191-1196 [10.1109/TAP.2009.2015812]
[4] Saleem,M.A. et al.(2008).Attenuation Analysis for Optical Wireless Link Measurements under Moderate Continental Fog Conditions at Milan and Graz, in 68 th Vehicular Technology Conference,Proc.IEEE 2008, 1-5 [10.1109/VETECF.2008.58]
[5] Meylani, L. and Marzuki.(2017). Pemanfaatan Data Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Sebagai Input Model ITU-R untuk Mengestimasi Intensitas Curah Hujan di Indonesia, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika Universitas Andalas.
[6] Ushio et al.(2009). A Kalman Filter Approach to the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) from Combined Passive Microwave and Infrared Radiometric Data, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 87A, 137-151 [10.2151/jmsj.87A.137].
[7] Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency( JAXA).(2010). GSMaP Data Format Description, [http://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP_crest/gdac/doc/gsmap_dataformat.pdf]
[8] Radiowave Propagation Series.(2012). Characteristics of Precipitation for Propagation Modeling, Recommendation ITU-R P.837-6.
[9] Blarzino, G. et al.(2009). Development of A New Global Rainfall Rate Model Based on ERA40, TRMM, GPCC and GPCP Products., Proc. 3rd EuCAP, 671 – 675.