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Persaud-Sharma V, Hooshmand MA. Need for Nurse Practitioner Fellowships in Ophthalmology in the USA. JOVR [Internet]. 2021Jan.20 [cited 2024May5];16(1):113–121. Available from: https://knepublishing.com/index.php/JOVR/article/view/8257
https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v16i1.8257
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Vishwani Persaud-Sharma
Vishwani Persaud-Sharma
School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Mary A. Hooshmand
Mary A. Hooshmand
School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Published Date
- Jan 20, 2021
Need for Nurse Practitioner Fellowships in Ophthalmology in the USA
Abstract
Medical attention to vision impairment and associated eye care complications are a vital component of daily living and overall well-being. In the United States today, the physician to patient deficit places great strain on the availability of medical attention tenable to patients nationwide; in terms of specialty medicine, this deficit is even more widespread. The field of ophthalmology faced the same physician to patient deficit in 2020, a grim reality that has left many states void of ophthalmic care, rending millions of aging individuals without domestic eye care. The implementation of trained, ophthalmic nurse practitioners (NPs) can fill the needs of this deficit; however, efficient, accredited, and board-approved American ophthalmic fellowships and residencies that secure proper ophthalmic NP transitions from academia to clinical practice are nonexistent. Though scant, evidence-based literature presents sound findings that support the efficacy and benefit for superior patient outcomes with care provided by ophthalmictrained NPs, offering a viable, long-term solution to the need for ophthalmic medical providers across all states without mitigating patient care, emphasizing the great need for the implementation of ophthalmic NP residencies and fellowships to ensure the continuity of impeccable ophthalmic care for all populations.
Keywords:
Fellowships, Nurse Practitioner, Ophthalmology, Post-graduate Training, Residency, United States
References
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33. Browning DJ. Physician assistants and nurse practitioners in ophthalmology—has the time come? Am J Ophthalmol 2018;186:ix–xi.
34. Barr W, Moore D. The relative financial cost and benefit of an ophthalmology resident compared to an advanced practice provider, optometrist, or faculty ophthalmologist. J Acad Ophthalmol 2018;10:e185–e188.
35. Moradi M. Importance of ophthalmic nursing in primary healthcare systems. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2016;5:1–3.
36. Lee B, D’Souza M, Singman EL, Wang J, Woreta FA, Boland MV, et al. Integration of a physician assistant into an ophthalmology consult service in an academic setting. Am J Ophthalmol 2018;190:125–133.
37. Hartry N. A reflective case for valuing nurse practitioners in ophthalmology clinics. Br J Nurs 2007;16:1234–1237.
38. Drury V, Aw AT, Lee AHS. An integrative literature review of the effectiveness of nurse-led clinics in ophthalmology. Insight 2017;42:22–28.
39. Gallagher M-J. Introduction of a nurse-led intravitreal injection service in ophthalmology. Br J Nurs 2017;26:800–803.
40. Speight C, Firnhaber G, Scott ES, Wei H. Strategies to promote the professional transition of new graduate nurse practitioners: a systematic review. Nurs Forum 2019;54:557–564.
41. Thomassen A. Fellowship programs: reflections of an advanced practice nurse fellow. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2018;22:383–385.
42. Poghosyan L, Liu J. Nurse Practitioner autonomy and relationships with leadership affect teamwork in primary care practices: a cross-sectional survey. J Gen Intern Med 2016;31:771–777.
43. Bureau of Health Workforce. Projecting the supply and demand for primary care practitioners through 2020. Bureau of Health Workforce; 2016. Available from: https://bhw.hrsa.gov/health-workforce-analysis/primarycare- 2020
2. AAMC. New findings confirm predictions on physician shortage [Internet]. AAMC; 2019 [cited 2020 Nov]. Available from: https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/ press-releases/new-findings-confirm-predictionsphysician- shortage
3. HRSA Health Workforce. National and regional projections of supply and demand for primary care practitioners: 2013–2025 [Internet]. Health Resources and Services Administration; November 2016. Available from: https://bhw.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/bureauhealth- workforce/data-research/primary-care-nationalprojections- 2013-2025.pdf
4. Kirch DG, Henderson MK, Dill MJ. Physician workforce projections in an era of health care reform. Annu Rev Med 2012;63:435–445.
5. Association of American Medical Colleges. New AAMC report confirms growing physician shortage [Internet]. AAMC; 2020. Available from: https: //www.aamc.org/news-insights/press-releases/newaamc- report-confirms-growing-physician-shortage
6. Zhang X, Lin D, Pforsich H, Lin VW. Physician workforce in the United States of America: forecasting nationwide shortages. Hum Res Health 2020;18:8.
7. Spetz J, Skillman SM, Andrilla CHA. Nurse practitioner autonomy and satisfaction in rural settings. Med Care Res Rev 2017;74:227–235.
8. Hoff T, Carabetta S, Collinson GE. Satisfaction, burnout, and turnover among nurse practitioners and physician assistants: a review of the empirical literature. Med Care Res Rev 2019;76:3–31.
9. Jiao S, Murimi IB, Stafford RS, Mojtabai R, Alexander GC. Quality of prescribing by physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in the United States. Pharmacotherapy 2018;38:417–427.
10. Hooker RS, Brock DM, Cook ML. Characteristics of nurse practitioners and physician assistants in the United States. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2016;28:39–46.
11. Ray KN, Martsolf GR, Mehrotra A, Barnett ML. Trends in visits to specialist physicians involving nurse practitioners and physician assistants, 2001 to 2013. JAMA Intern Med 2017;177:1213.
12. Niebruegge B, Holbrook JM, Vernon C, Grotton C, Maric A. The future of population medicine: investigating the role of advanced practice providers and simulation education in special patient populations. Dis Mon 2019;65:221–244.
13. Sciacca K, Reville B. Evaluation of nurse practitioners enrolled in fellowship and residency programs: methods and trends. J Nurse Pract 2016;12:e275–e280.
14. Cosme S. Residency and fellowship programs for RNs and advanced practice RNs. J Nurs Adm 2015;45:416–417.
15. Klimpl D, Franco T, Tackett S, Cardin TE, Wolfe B, Wright S, et al. The current state of advanced practice provider fellowships in hospital medicine: a survey of program directors. J Hosp Med 2019;14:401–406.
16. ANCC. 2019 ANCC certification data [Internet]. Nursingworld.org; 2019 [cited 2020, Nov 20]. Available from: https://www.nursingworld.org/~49a2df/ globalassets/docs/ancc/ancc-cert-data-website.pdf
17. Hudspeth RS, Klein TA. Understanding nurse practitioner scope of practice: regulatory, practice, and employment perspectives now and for the future. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2019;31:468–473.
18. Park J, Athey E, Pericak A, Pulcini J, Greene J. To what extent are state scope of practice laws related to nurse practitioners’ day-to-day practice autonomy? Med Care Res Rev 2018;75:66–87.
19. Yang BK, Johantgen ME, Trinkoff AM, Idzik SR, Wince J, Tomlinson C. State nurse practitioner practice regulations and US health care delivery outcomes: a systematic review. Med Care Res Rev 2020;1077558719901216.
20. Poghosyan L, Ghaffari A, Liu J, Friedberg MW. Physiciannurse practitioner teamwork in primary care practices in New York: a cross-sectional survey. J Gen Intern Med 2020;35:1021–1028.
21. Bower P, Campbell S, Bojke C, Sibbald B. Team structure, team climate and the quality of care in primary care: an observational study. Qual Saf Health Care 2003;12:273–279.
22. Linzer M, Manwell LB, Williams ES, Bobula JA, Brown RL, Varkey AB, et al. Working conditions in primary care: physician reactions and care quality. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:28–36, W6–W9.
23. Grumbach K, Bodenheimer T. Can health care teams improve primary care practice? JAMA 2004;291:1246–1251.
24. Faraz A. Facilitators and barriers to the novice nurse practitioner workforce transition in primary care. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2019;31:364–370.
25. Bryant S, Parker K. Participation in a nurse practitioner fellowship to instill greater confidence, job satisfaction, and increased job retention. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2020;32: 645–651.
26. Alencar MC, Butler E, MacIntyre J, Wempe EP. Nurse practitioner fellowship: developing a program to address gaps in practice. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2018;22:142–145.
27. Kesten KS, El-Banna MM. Facilitators, barriers, benefits, and funding to implement postgraduate nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract [Preprint] 2020.
28. Martsolf GR, Nguyen P, Freund D, Poghosyan L. What we know about postgraduate nurse practitioner residency and fellowship programs. J Nurse Pract 2017;13:482–487.
29. Dahlin C, Wholihan D, Johnstone-Petty M. Palliative APRN fellowship guidelines—a strategy for quality specialty practice: Report of the HPNA APRN fellowship council (TH300). J Pain Symptom Manage 2019;57:363.
30. Gaudio FG, Borensztein R. An emergency medicine residency for nurse practitioners: the New York Presbyterian–Weill Cornell medicine experience. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2018;40:119–126.
31. Hardeman P, Hough R. Integration of advanced practice clinicians in neurology practices. JAMA Neurol 2017;74:894–895.
32. Graduatenursingedu.org. Residency programs for nurse practitioners [Internet]. Graduatenursingedu.org; 2013 [cited 2020, Nov 20]. Available from: https: //www.graduatenursingedu.org/nurse-practitionerresidency- programs/
33. Browning DJ. Physician assistants and nurse practitioners in ophthalmology—has the time come? Am J Ophthalmol 2018;186:ix–xi.
34. Barr W, Moore D. The relative financial cost and benefit of an ophthalmology resident compared to an advanced practice provider, optometrist, or faculty ophthalmologist. J Acad Ophthalmol 2018;10:e185–e188.
35. Moradi M. Importance of ophthalmic nursing in primary healthcare systems. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2016;5:1–3.
36. Lee B, D’Souza M, Singman EL, Wang J, Woreta FA, Boland MV, et al. Integration of a physician assistant into an ophthalmology consult service in an academic setting. Am J Ophthalmol 2018;190:125–133.
37. Hartry N. A reflective case for valuing nurse practitioners in ophthalmology clinics. Br J Nurs 2007;16:1234–1237.
38. Drury V, Aw AT, Lee AHS. An integrative literature review of the effectiveness of nurse-led clinics in ophthalmology. Insight 2017;42:22–28.
39. Gallagher M-J. Introduction of a nurse-led intravitreal injection service in ophthalmology. Br J Nurs 2017;26:800–803.
40. Speight C, Firnhaber G, Scott ES, Wei H. Strategies to promote the professional transition of new graduate nurse practitioners: a systematic review. Nurs Forum 2019;54:557–564.
41. Thomassen A. Fellowship programs: reflections of an advanced practice nurse fellow. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2018;22:383–385.
42. Poghosyan L, Liu J. Nurse Practitioner autonomy and relationships with leadership affect teamwork in primary care practices: a cross-sectional survey. J Gen Intern Med 2016;31:771–777.
43. Bureau of Health Workforce. Projecting the supply and demand for primary care practitioners through 2020. Bureau of Health Workforce; 2016. Available from: https://bhw.hrsa.gov/health-workforce-analysis/primarycare- 2020