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Joondeph BC, Willems P, Raber T, Duchateau L, Markoff J. Prognostic Factors Associated with Ocriplasmin Efficacy for the Treatment of Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion and Full-thickness Macular Hole: Analysis from Four Studies. JOVR [Internet]. 2021Jan.20 [cited 2024Apr.28];16(1):42–55. Available from: https://knepublishing.com/index.php/JOVR/article/view/8250
https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v16i1.8250
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authors
-
Brian C. Joondeph
Brian C. Joondeph
Colorado Retina Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA
-
Paul Willems
Paul Willems
Oxurion, Leuven, Belgium
-
Thomas Raber
Thomas Raber
Oxurion, Leuven, Belgium
-
Luc Duchateau
Luc Duchateau
Biometrics Research Group, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
-
Joseph Markoff
Joseph Markoff
Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Published Date
- Jan 20, 2021
Prognostic Factors Associated with Ocriplasmin Efficacy for the Treatment of Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion and Full-thickness Macular Hole: Analysis from Four Studies
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the effect of patient baseline characteristics on the efficacy of ocriplasmin treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) with full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) from phase 3/4 studies.
Methods: Patients with symptomatic VMA and FTMH at baseline and receiving ocriplasmin treatment 125
Keywords:
Ocriplasmin, Full-thickness Macular Hole, Vitreomacular Adhesion, Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion, Vitreomacular Traction, Vitreoretinal Interface
References
1. Johnson MW. Perifoveal vitreous detachment and its macular complications. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2005;103:537–567.
2. Sebag J. Vitreous: the resplendent enigma. Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93:989–991.
3. Garcia-Layana A, Garcia-Arumi J, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Arias- Barquet L, Cabrera-Lopez F, Figueroa MS. A review of current management of vitreomacular traction and macular hole. J Ophthalmol 2015;2015:809640.
4. Stalmans P, Duker JS, Kaiser PK, Heier JS, Dugel PU, Gandorfer A, et al. Oct-based interpretation of the vitreomacular interface and indications for pharmacologic vitreolysis. Retina 2013;33:2003–2011.
5. Steel DH, Lotery AJ. Idiopathic vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Eye 2013;27:S1–S21.
6. Chang LK, Fine HF, Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Grossniklaus HE. Ultrastructural correlation of spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic findings in vitreomacular traction syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;146:121–127.
7. Witkin AJ, Ko TH, Fujimoto JG, Schuman JS, Reichel E, Duker JS. Vitreofoveal attachment causing metamorphopsia: an ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography finding. Retina 2006;26:1085–1087.
8. John VJ, Flynn HW Jr, Smiddy WE, Carver A, Leonard R, Tabandeh H, et al. Clinical course of vitreomacular adhesion managed by initial observation. Retina 2014;34:442–446.
9. Shao L, Wei W. Vitreomacular traction syndrome. Chin Med J 2014;127:1566–1571.
10. Wittich W, Overbury O, Kapusta MA, Watanabe DH, Faubert J. Macular hole: perceptual filling-in across central scotomas. Vis Res 2006;46:4064–4070.
11. Hong-Kee N, Azhany Y, Lieh-Bin O. Full thickness macular hole: early intervention is an important factor in visual prognosis. Malays Fam Physician 2014;9:42–48.
12. De Giacinto C, Pastore MR, Cirigliano G, Tognetto D. Macular hole in myopic eyes: a narrative review of the current surgical techniques. J Ophthalmol 2019;2019:3230695.
13. Stalmans P, Benz MS, Gandorfer A, Kampik A, Girach A, Pakola S, et al. Enzymatic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular holes. N Engl J Med 2012;367:606–615.
14. Haller JA, Stalmans P, Benz MS, Gandorfer A, Pakola SJ, Girach A, et al. Efficacy of intravitreal ocriplasmin for treatment of vitreomacular adhesion: subgroup analyses from two randomized trials. Ophthalmology 2015;122:117– 122.
15. Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Parikakis E, Datseris I, Theodossiadis P. Real-life experience after intravitreal ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography prospective study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016;254:223–233.
16. Chin EK, Almeida DR, Sohn EH, Boldt HC, Mahajan VB, Gehrs KM, et al. Incomplete vitreomacular traction release using intravitreal ocriplasmin. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2014;5:455–462.
17. Hager A, Seibel I, Riechardt A, Rehak M, Joussen AM. Does ocriplasmin affect the RPE-photoreceptor adhesion in macular holes? Br J Ophthalmol 2015;99:635–638.
18. Itoh Y, Kaiser PK, Singh RP, Srivastava SK, Ehlers JP. Assessment of retinal alterations after intravitreal ocriplasmin with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2014;121:2506– 2507.e2502.
19. Kim BT, Schwartz SG, Smiddy WE, Doshi RR, Kovach JL, Berrocal AM, et al. Initial outcomes following intravitreal ocriplasmin for treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2013;44:334–343.
20. Knudsen VM, Kozak I. A retrospective study of a single practice use of ocriplasmin in the treatment of vitreomacular traction. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2014;28:139–144.
21. Lommatzsch AP, Gutfleisch M, Dietzel M, Heimes B, Spital G, Bohme M, et al. [Initial clinical experience in the treatment of vitreomacular traction and macular holes with ocriplasmin]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2014;231:909–914.
22. Maier M, Abraham S, Frank C, Feucht N, Lohmann CP. [Ocriplasmin as a treatment option for symptomatic vitreomacular traction with and without macular hole. First clinical experiences]. Ophthalmologe 2015;112:990–994.
23. Meyer JC, Shah GK, Blinder KJ, Waheed NK, Reichel E, Stalmans P, et al. Early evolution of the vitreomacular interface and clinical efficacy after ocriplasmin injection for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2015;46:209–216.
24. Miller JB, Kim LA, Wu DM, Vavvas DG, Eliott D, Husain D. Ocriplasmin for treatment of stage 2 macular holes: early clinical results. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2014;45:293–297.
25. Novack RL, Staurenghi G, Girach A, Narendran N, Tolentino M. Safety of intravitreal ocriplasmin for focal vitreomacular adhesion in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2015;122:796–802.
26. Quezada-Ruiz C, Pieramici DJ, Nasir M, Rabena M, Steinle N, Castellarin AA, et al. Outer retina reflectivity changes on sd-oct after intravitreal ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular hole. Retina 2015;35:1144–1150.
27. Reiss B, Smithen L, Mansour S. Transient vision loss after ocriplasmin injection. Retina 2015;35:1107–1110.
28. Sharma P, Juhn A, Houston SK, Fineman M, Chiang A, Ho A, et al. Efficacy of intravitreal ocriplasmin on vitreomacular traction and full-thickness macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 2015;159:861–867.e862.
29. Singh RP, Li A, Bedi R, Srivastava S, Sears JE, Ehlers JP, et al. Anatomical and visual outcomes following ocriplasmin treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular traction syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2014;98:356–360.
30. Steel DH, Sandinha MT, White K. The plane of vitreoretinal separation and results of vitrectomy surgery in patients given ocriplasmin for idiopathic macular hole. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015;56:4038–4044.
31. Warrow DJ, Lai MM, Patel A, Raevis J, Berinstein DM. Treatment outcomes and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of eyes with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion treated with intravitreal ocriplasmin. Am J Ophthalmol 2015;159:20–30.e21.
32. Willekens K, Abegao Pinto L, Vandewalle E, Stalmans I, Stalmans P. Improved efficacy of ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction release and transient changes in optic disk morphology. Retina 2015;35:1135–1143.
33. Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Xanthopoulou P, Miligkos M, Sivaprasad S, Theodossiadis P. Ocriplasmin use for vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a meta-analysis and comprehensive review on predictive factors for vitreous release and potential complications. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016;254:1247–1256.
34. Dugel PU, Tolentino M, Feiner L, Kozma P, Leroy A. Results of the 2-year ocriplasmin for treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion including macular hole (OASIS) randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2016;123:2232–2247.
35. Khan MA, Haller JA. Ocriplasmin for treatment of vitreomacular traction: an update. Ophthalmol Ther 2016;5:147–159.
36. Dugel PU, Regillo C, Eliott D. Characterization of anatomic and visual function outcomes in patients with full-thickness macular hole in ocriplasmin phase 3 trials. Am J Ophthalmol 2015;160:94–99.e91.
37. Feng HL, Roth DB, Hasan A, Fine HF, Wheatley HM, Prenner JL, et al. Intravitreal ocriplasmin in clinical practice: predictors of success, visual outcomes, and complications. Retina 2018;38:128–136.
38. Khanani AM, Duker JS, Heier JS, Kaiser PK, Joondeph BC, Kozma P, et al. Ocriplasmin treatment leads to symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion/vitreomacular traction resolution in the real-world setting: the phase IV ORBIT study. Ophthalmol Retina 2018;3:32–41.
39. Kuppermann BD. Ocriplasmin efficacy – an analysis of real-world results from 2013 to 2015. Eur Ophthal Rev 2015;9:141–146.
40. Coskey A, Brown DM, Hooten C, Kao LK, Wykoff CC, Major JC, et al. Ocriplasmin for vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) in the clinical setting: rates of VMA release, development of macular hole, and visual outcomes. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL.
41. Diaz-Rohena R, Flores-Sanchez B. Ocriplasmin in clinical practice. Pan-American Retina and Vitreous Society (SPRV) Meeting. San Juan, Puerto Rico.
42. Nudleman E, Franklin MS, Ruby AJ, Wolfe JD. Ocriplasmin for vitreomacular adhesion: aftermarket experience and findings. American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) Annual Meeting. San Diego, CA.
43. O’Neill BP, Shah AP, Coney JM. Resolution of vitreomacular traction using ocriplasmin ( Jetrea) and its potential role in diabetic macular edema. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL.
44. Haynes RJ, Yorston D, Laidlaw DA, Keller J, Steel DH. Real world outcomes of ocriplasmin use by members of the British and Eire Association of Vitreoretinal Surgeons. Eye 2017;31:107–112.
45. Hikichi T, Akiba J, Trempe CL. Effect of the vitreous on the prognosis of full-thickness idiopathic macular hole. Am J Ophthalmol 1993;116:273–278.
46. Chew EY, Sperduto RD, Hiller R, Nowroozi L, Seigel D, Yanuzzi LA, et al. Clinical course of macular holes: the eye disease case-control study. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:242–246.
47. Guyer DR, de Bustros S, Diener-West M, Fine SL. Observations on patients with idiopathic macular holes and cysts. Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:1264–1268.
48. Ezra E, Gregor ZJ, Morfields Macular Hole Study Group Report No 1. Surgery for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole: two-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing natural history, vitrectomy, and vitrectomy plus autologous serum: Morfields Macular Hole Study Group RAeport no. 1. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:224–236.
49. Freeman WR, Azen SP, Kim JW, el-Haig W, Mishell DR 3rd, Bailey I. Vitrectomy for the treatment of full-thickness stage 3 or 4 macular holes. Results of a multicentered randomized clinical trial. The Vitrectomy for Treatment of Macular Hole Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:11– 21.
50. Hikichi T, Yoshida A, Akiba J, Trempe CL. Natural outcomes of stage 1, 2, 3, and 4 idiopathic macular holes. Br J Ophthalmol 1995;79:517–520.
51. Hikichi T, Yoshida A, Akiba J, Konno S, Trempe CL. Prognosis of stage 2 macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1995;119:571–575.
52. Kim JW, Freeman WR, el-Haig W, Maguire AM, Arevalo JF, Azen SP. Baseline characteristics, natural history, and risk factors to progression in eyes with stage 2 macular holes. Results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. Vitrectomy for Macular Hole Study Group. Ophthalmology 1995;102:1818–1828; discussion 1828–1819.
53. Kim JW, Freeman WR, Azen SP, el-Haig W, Klein DJ, Bailey IL. Prospective randomized trial of vitrectomy or observation for stage 2 macular holes. Vitrectomy for Macular Hole Study Group. Am J Ophthalmol 1996;121:605–614.
54. Roth DB, Feng HL, Modi KK, Fine HF, Wheatley HM. Predictors of success with intravitreal ocriplasmin in the treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014;55:298.
55. Hillenkamp J, Kraus J, Framme C, Jackson TL, Roider J, Gabel VP, et al. Retreatment of full-thickness macular hole: predictive value of optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:1445–1449.
56. Steel DH, Parkes C, Papastavrou VT, Avery PJ, El-Ghrably IA, Habib MS, et al. Predicting macular hole closure with ocriplasmin based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Eye 2016;30:740–745.
57. Benarous A, Le Mer Y. Long-term results of vitrectomy for macular holes after failure of vitreolysis. Ophthalmologica 2018;240:14–22.
58. Hoerauf H. Predictive values in macular hole repair. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:1415–1416.
59. Mester V, Kuhn F. Internal limiting membrane removal in the management of full-thickness macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:769–777.
60. Cheng L, Azen SP, El-Bradey MH, Scholz BM, Chaidhawangul S, Toyoguchi M, et al. Duration of vitrectomy and postoperative cataract in the vitrectomy for macular hole study. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132:881– 887.
61. Cherfan GM, Michels RG, de Bustros S, Enger C, Glaser BM. Nuclear sclerotic cataract after vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membranes causing macular pucker. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;111:434–438.
62. Melberg NS, Thomas MA. Nuclear sclerotic cataract after vitrectomy in patients younger than 50 years of age. Ophthalmology 1995;102:1466–1471.
63. Thompson JT, Glaser BM, Sjaarda RN, Murphy RP. Progression of nuclear sclerosis and long-term visual results of vitrectomy with transforming growth factor beta- 2 for macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1995;119:48–54.
64. Van Effenterre G, Ameline B, Campinchi F, Quesnot S, Le Mer Y, Haut J. [Is vitrectomy cataractogenic? Study of changes of the crystalline lens after surgery of retinal detachment]. J Fr Ophtalmol 1992;15:449–454.
2. Sebag J. Vitreous: the resplendent enigma. Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93:989–991.
3. Garcia-Layana A, Garcia-Arumi J, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Arias- Barquet L, Cabrera-Lopez F, Figueroa MS. A review of current management of vitreomacular traction and macular hole. J Ophthalmol 2015;2015:809640.
4. Stalmans P, Duker JS, Kaiser PK, Heier JS, Dugel PU, Gandorfer A, et al. Oct-based interpretation of the vitreomacular interface and indications for pharmacologic vitreolysis. Retina 2013;33:2003–2011.
5. Steel DH, Lotery AJ. Idiopathic vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Eye 2013;27:S1–S21.
6. Chang LK, Fine HF, Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Grossniklaus HE. Ultrastructural correlation of spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic findings in vitreomacular traction syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;146:121–127.
7. Witkin AJ, Ko TH, Fujimoto JG, Schuman JS, Reichel E, Duker JS. Vitreofoveal attachment causing metamorphopsia: an ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography finding. Retina 2006;26:1085–1087.
8. John VJ, Flynn HW Jr, Smiddy WE, Carver A, Leonard R, Tabandeh H, et al. Clinical course of vitreomacular adhesion managed by initial observation. Retina 2014;34:442–446.
9. Shao L, Wei W. Vitreomacular traction syndrome. Chin Med J 2014;127:1566–1571.
10. Wittich W, Overbury O, Kapusta MA, Watanabe DH, Faubert J. Macular hole: perceptual filling-in across central scotomas. Vis Res 2006;46:4064–4070.
11. Hong-Kee N, Azhany Y, Lieh-Bin O. Full thickness macular hole: early intervention is an important factor in visual prognosis. Malays Fam Physician 2014;9:42–48.
12. De Giacinto C, Pastore MR, Cirigliano G, Tognetto D. Macular hole in myopic eyes: a narrative review of the current surgical techniques. J Ophthalmol 2019;2019:3230695.
13. Stalmans P, Benz MS, Gandorfer A, Kampik A, Girach A, Pakola S, et al. Enzymatic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular holes. N Engl J Med 2012;367:606–615.
14. Haller JA, Stalmans P, Benz MS, Gandorfer A, Pakola SJ, Girach A, et al. Efficacy of intravitreal ocriplasmin for treatment of vitreomacular adhesion: subgroup analyses from two randomized trials. Ophthalmology 2015;122:117– 122.
15. Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Parikakis E, Datseris I, Theodossiadis P. Real-life experience after intravitreal ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography prospective study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016;254:223–233.
16. Chin EK, Almeida DR, Sohn EH, Boldt HC, Mahajan VB, Gehrs KM, et al. Incomplete vitreomacular traction release using intravitreal ocriplasmin. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2014;5:455–462.
17. Hager A, Seibel I, Riechardt A, Rehak M, Joussen AM. Does ocriplasmin affect the RPE-photoreceptor adhesion in macular holes? Br J Ophthalmol 2015;99:635–638.
18. Itoh Y, Kaiser PK, Singh RP, Srivastava SK, Ehlers JP. Assessment of retinal alterations after intravitreal ocriplasmin with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2014;121:2506– 2507.e2502.
19. Kim BT, Schwartz SG, Smiddy WE, Doshi RR, Kovach JL, Berrocal AM, et al. Initial outcomes following intravitreal ocriplasmin for treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2013;44:334–343.
20. Knudsen VM, Kozak I. A retrospective study of a single practice use of ocriplasmin in the treatment of vitreomacular traction. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2014;28:139–144.
21. Lommatzsch AP, Gutfleisch M, Dietzel M, Heimes B, Spital G, Bohme M, et al. [Initial clinical experience in the treatment of vitreomacular traction and macular holes with ocriplasmin]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2014;231:909–914.
22. Maier M, Abraham S, Frank C, Feucht N, Lohmann CP. [Ocriplasmin as a treatment option for symptomatic vitreomacular traction with and without macular hole. First clinical experiences]. Ophthalmologe 2015;112:990–994.
23. Meyer JC, Shah GK, Blinder KJ, Waheed NK, Reichel E, Stalmans P, et al. Early evolution of the vitreomacular interface and clinical efficacy after ocriplasmin injection for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2015;46:209–216.
24. Miller JB, Kim LA, Wu DM, Vavvas DG, Eliott D, Husain D. Ocriplasmin for treatment of stage 2 macular holes: early clinical results. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2014;45:293–297.
25. Novack RL, Staurenghi G, Girach A, Narendran N, Tolentino M. Safety of intravitreal ocriplasmin for focal vitreomacular adhesion in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2015;122:796–802.
26. Quezada-Ruiz C, Pieramici DJ, Nasir M, Rabena M, Steinle N, Castellarin AA, et al. Outer retina reflectivity changes on sd-oct after intravitreal ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular hole. Retina 2015;35:1144–1150.
27. Reiss B, Smithen L, Mansour S. Transient vision loss after ocriplasmin injection. Retina 2015;35:1107–1110.
28. Sharma P, Juhn A, Houston SK, Fineman M, Chiang A, Ho A, et al. Efficacy of intravitreal ocriplasmin on vitreomacular traction and full-thickness macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 2015;159:861–867.e862.
29. Singh RP, Li A, Bedi R, Srivastava S, Sears JE, Ehlers JP, et al. Anatomical and visual outcomes following ocriplasmin treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular traction syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2014;98:356–360.
30. Steel DH, Sandinha MT, White K. The plane of vitreoretinal separation and results of vitrectomy surgery in patients given ocriplasmin for idiopathic macular hole. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015;56:4038–4044.
31. Warrow DJ, Lai MM, Patel A, Raevis J, Berinstein DM. Treatment outcomes and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of eyes with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion treated with intravitreal ocriplasmin. Am J Ophthalmol 2015;159:20–30.e21.
32. Willekens K, Abegao Pinto L, Vandewalle E, Stalmans I, Stalmans P. Improved efficacy of ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction release and transient changes in optic disk morphology. Retina 2015;35:1135–1143.
33. Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Xanthopoulou P, Miligkos M, Sivaprasad S, Theodossiadis P. Ocriplasmin use for vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a meta-analysis and comprehensive review on predictive factors for vitreous release and potential complications. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016;254:1247–1256.
34. Dugel PU, Tolentino M, Feiner L, Kozma P, Leroy A. Results of the 2-year ocriplasmin for treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion including macular hole (OASIS) randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2016;123:2232–2247.
35. Khan MA, Haller JA. Ocriplasmin for treatment of vitreomacular traction: an update. Ophthalmol Ther 2016;5:147–159.
36. Dugel PU, Regillo C, Eliott D. Characterization of anatomic and visual function outcomes in patients with full-thickness macular hole in ocriplasmin phase 3 trials. Am J Ophthalmol 2015;160:94–99.e91.
37. Feng HL, Roth DB, Hasan A, Fine HF, Wheatley HM, Prenner JL, et al. Intravitreal ocriplasmin in clinical practice: predictors of success, visual outcomes, and complications. Retina 2018;38:128–136.
38. Khanani AM, Duker JS, Heier JS, Kaiser PK, Joondeph BC, Kozma P, et al. Ocriplasmin treatment leads to symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion/vitreomacular traction resolution in the real-world setting: the phase IV ORBIT study. Ophthalmol Retina 2018;3:32–41.
39. Kuppermann BD. Ocriplasmin efficacy – an analysis of real-world results from 2013 to 2015. Eur Ophthal Rev 2015;9:141–146.
40. Coskey A, Brown DM, Hooten C, Kao LK, Wykoff CC, Major JC, et al. Ocriplasmin for vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) in the clinical setting: rates of VMA release, development of macular hole, and visual outcomes. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL.
41. Diaz-Rohena R, Flores-Sanchez B. Ocriplasmin in clinical practice. Pan-American Retina and Vitreous Society (SPRV) Meeting. San Juan, Puerto Rico.
42. Nudleman E, Franklin MS, Ruby AJ, Wolfe JD. Ocriplasmin for vitreomacular adhesion: aftermarket experience and findings. American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) Annual Meeting. San Diego, CA.
43. O’Neill BP, Shah AP, Coney JM. Resolution of vitreomacular traction using ocriplasmin ( Jetrea) and its potential role in diabetic macular edema. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL.
44. Haynes RJ, Yorston D, Laidlaw DA, Keller J, Steel DH. Real world outcomes of ocriplasmin use by members of the British and Eire Association of Vitreoretinal Surgeons. Eye 2017;31:107–112.
45. Hikichi T, Akiba J, Trempe CL. Effect of the vitreous on the prognosis of full-thickness idiopathic macular hole. Am J Ophthalmol 1993;116:273–278.
46. Chew EY, Sperduto RD, Hiller R, Nowroozi L, Seigel D, Yanuzzi LA, et al. Clinical course of macular holes: the eye disease case-control study. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:242–246.
47. Guyer DR, de Bustros S, Diener-West M, Fine SL. Observations on patients with idiopathic macular holes and cysts. Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:1264–1268.
48. Ezra E, Gregor ZJ, Morfields Macular Hole Study Group Report No 1. Surgery for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole: two-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing natural history, vitrectomy, and vitrectomy plus autologous serum: Morfields Macular Hole Study Group RAeport no. 1. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:224–236.
49. Freeman WR, Azen SP, Kim JW, el-Haig W, Mishell DR 3rd, Bailey I. Vitrectomy for the treatment of full-thickness stage 3 or 4 macular holes. Results of a multicentered randomized clinical trial. The Vitrectomy for Treatment of Macular Hole Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:11– 21.
50. Hikichi T, Yoshida A, Akiba J, Trempe CL. Natural outcomes of stage 1, 2, 3, and 4 idiopathic macular holes. Br J Ophthalmol 1995;79:517–520.
51. Hikichi T, Yoshida A, Akiba J, Konno S, Trempe CL. Prognosis of stage 2 macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 1995;119:571–575.
52. Kim JW, Freeman WR, el-Haig W, Maguire AM, Arevalo JF, Azen SP. Baseline characteristics, natural history, and risk factors to progression in eyes with stage 2 macular holes. Results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. Vitrectomy for Macular Hole Study Group. Ophthalmology 1995;102:1818–1828; discussion 1828–1819.
53. Kim JW, Freeman WR, Azen SP, el-Haig W, Klein DJ, Bailey IL. Prospective randomized trial of vitrectomy or observation for stage 2 macular holes. Vitrectomy for Macular Hole Study Group. Am J Ophthalmol 1996;121:605–614.
54. Roth DB, Feng HL, Modi KK, Fine HF, Wheatley HM. Predictors of success with intravitreal ocriplasmin in the treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014;55:298.
55. Hillenkamp J, Kraus J, Framme C, Jackson TL, Roider J, Gabel VP, et al. Retreatment of full-thickness macular hole: predictive value of optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:1445–1449.
56. Steel DH, Parkes C, Papastavrou VT, Avery PJ, El-Ghrably IA, Habib MS, et al. Predicting macular hole closure with ocriplasmin based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Eye 2016;30:740–745.
57. Benarous A, Le Mer Y. Long-term results of vitrectomy for macular holes after failure of vitreolysis. Ophthalmologica 2018;240:14–22.
58. Hoerauf H. Predictive values in macular hole repair. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:1415–1416.
59. Mester V, Kuhn F. Internal limiting membrane removal in the management of full-thickness macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:769–777.
60. Cheng L, Azen SP, El-Bradey MH, Scholz BM, Chaidhawangul S, Toyoguchi M, et al. Duration of vitrectomy and postoperative cataract in the vitrectomy for macular hole study. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132:881– 887.
61. Cherfan GM, Michels RG, de Bustros S, Enger C, Glaser BM. Nuclear sclerotic cataract after vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membranes causing macular pucker. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;111:434–438.
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