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Ali Javadi M, Rezaei Kanavi M, Safi S. A 27-Year Report from the Central Eye Bank of Iran: A complete translation from Farsi. JOVR [Internet]. 2020Apr.6 [cited 2024Jul.17];15(2):149–159. Available from: https://knepublishing.com/index.php/JOVR/article/view/6731
https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v15i2.6731
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- Cited by 3 articles
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Mohammad Ali Javadi
Mohammad Ali Javadi
Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Central Eye Bank of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sare Safi
Sare Safi
Ophthalmic Epidemiologic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published Date
- Apr 6, 2020
A 27-Year Report from the Central Eye Bank of Iran: A complete translation from Farsi
Abstract
This article is based on a study first reported in Farsi in the Bina Journal of Ophthalmology, titled گزارش عملکرد سه دهه اي بانک چشم جمهوري اسلامي ايران, Volume 24, Issue 2 (Winter 2019) 2019/05/28. Original URL: https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=487896
Purpose: To report the 27-year statistical data from the Central Eye Bank of Iran (CEBI) and its activity.
Methods: All CEBI records regarding procured eyes, tissue utilizations, corneal transplants per capita, and indications for keratoplasty from 1991 to 2017 were analyzed.
Results: In total, 115,743 whole eyes were donated during the 27-year period. Out of the 114,169 eyes donated between 1994 and 2017, 95,314 eyes were distributed for transplantation, and 95,057 corneas were actually transplanted. The mean annual rate of corneal transplants per capita was 55.10−6 ± 27.10−6. Although penetrating keratoplasty (PKP, 70%) was the most common technique of corneal transplantation during the study period, it exhibited a decreasing trend between 2006 and 2017 (P = 0.048). It was in contrast to Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) that demonstrated an increasing trend during the same period (P < 0.001). Keratoconus (KCN, 39.70%) was the most leading indication for keratoplasty over the last three decades followed by bullous keratopathy (BK, 18.5%), corneal scar and opacities (15.7%), and graft failure (GF, 7.5%), with an increasing trend for BK, GF, and KCN. A majority of scleral tissues (83.7%) were utilized for orbital implant protection.
Conclusion: An increasing trend in the number of procured eyes was observed over the past 27 years in Iran. The most leading indications for corneal transplantation were KCN and BK. While PKP was the most common keratoplasty technique, DSAEK showed an increasing trend over the last 12 years.
Keywords:
Central Eye Bank of Iran, Corneal Transplants Per Capita, Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, DSAEK, Penetrating Keratoplasty
References
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5. Dobbins KR, Price FW Jr, Whitson WE. Trends in the indications for penetrating keratoplasty in the midwestern United States. Cornea 2000;19:813–816.
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8. Tan JC, Holland SP, Dubord PJ, Moloney G, McCarthy M, Yeung SN. Evolving indications for and trends in keratoplasty in British Columbia, Canada, from 2002 to 2011: a 10−year review. Cornea 2014;33:252–256.
9. Wang JY, Xie LX, Song XS, Zhao J. Trends in the indications for penetrating keratoplasty in Shandong, 2005−2010. Int J Ophthalmol 2011;4:492–497.
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11. Le R, Yucel N, Khattak S, Yucel YH, Prud’homme GJ, Gupta N. Current indications and surgical approaches to corneal transplants at the University of Toronto: a clinicalpathological study. Can J Ophthalmol 2017;52:74–79.
12. Kanavi MR, Javadi MA, Sanagoo M. Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in Iran. Cornea 2007;26:561–563.
13. Mkanganwi N, Nondo SI, Guramatunhu S. Indications for corneal grafting in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 2000;46:300–302.
14. Sony P, Sharma N, Sen S, Vajpayee RB. Indications of penetrating keratoplasty in northern India. Cornea 2005;24:989–991.
15. Xie L, Song Z, Zhao J, Shi W, Wang F. Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in north China. Cornea 2007;26:1070–1073.
16. Van Meter WS. 2016 Eye Banking Statistical Report. Available from: http://restoresight.org/wp-content/ uploads/2017/04/2016_Statistical_Report-Final-040717.pdf.
17. Javadi MA, Fayaz A, Mirdehghan SA, Ainollahi B. Transmission of rabies by corneal graft. Cornea 1996;15:431–433.
18. Gain P, Jullienne R, He Z, Aldossary M, Acquart S, Cognasse F, Thuret G. Global survey of corneal transplantation and eye banking. JAMA Ophthalmol 2016;134:167–173.
19. Kim BZ, Meyer JJ, Brookes NH, Moffatt SL, Twohill HC, Pendergrast DG, et al. New Zealand trends in corneal transplantation over the 25 years 1991–2015. Br J Ophthalmol 2017;101:834–838.
20. Hashemi H, Alipour F, Mehravaran S, Rezvan F, Alaeddini F, Fotouhi A. Six year Trend in Cataract Surgical Techniques in Iran. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2011;18:150–153.
21. Thakur SK, Dan A, Singh M, Banerjee A, Ghosh A, Bhaduri G. Endothelial cell loss after small incision cataract surgery. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3:177–180.
22. Bourne RR, Minassian DC, Dart JK, Rosen P, Kaushal S, Wingate N. Effect of cataract surgery on the corneal endothelium: modern phacoemulsification compared with extracapsular cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 2004;111:679–685.
23. Bamdad S, Bolkheir A, Sedaghat MR, Motamed M. Changes in corneal thickness and corneal endothelial cell density after phacoemulsification cataract surgery: a double-blind randomized trial. Electron Physician 2018;10:6616–6623.
24. O’Brien PD, Fitzpatrick P, Kilmartin DJ, Beatty S. Risk factors for endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification surgery by a junior resident. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30:839–843.
25. Qazi Y, Hamrah P. Corneal allograft rejection: immunopathogenesis to therapeutics. J Clin Cell Immunol 2013;2013.
26. Williams KA, Esterman AJ, Bartlett C, Holland H, Hornsby NB, Coster DJ. How effective is penetrating corneal transplantation? Factors influencing long-term outcome in multivariate analysis. Transplantation 2006;81:896–901.
27. Williams KA, Lowe M, Bartlett C, Kelly TL, Coster DJ. Risk factors for human corneal graft failure within the Australian corneal graft registry. Transplantation 2008;86:1720– 1724.
28. Al-Yousuf N, Mavrikakis I, Mavrikakis E, Daya SM. Penetrating keratoplasty: indications over a 10 year period. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:998–1001.
29. Keenan TD, Jones MN, Rushton S, Carley FM, National Health Service Blood and Transplant Ocular Tissue Advisory Group and Contributing Ophthalmologists (Ocular Tissue Advisory Group Audit Study 8). Trends in the indications for corneal graft surgery in the United Kingdom: 1999 through 2009. Arch Ophthalmol 2012;130:621–628.
30. Dasar L, Pujar C, Gill KS, Patil M, Salagar M. Indications of penetrating keratoplasty in southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7:2505–2507.
31. Zhang C, Xu J. Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in East China, 1994–2003. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005;243:1005–1009.
32. Röck T, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Röck D. Trends in corneal transplantation at the University Eye Hospital in Tübingen, Germany over the last 12 years: 2004–2015. PLOS ONE 2018;13:e0198793.
33. Terry MA, Shamie N, Chen ES, Phillips PM, Shah AK, Hoar KL, et al. Endothelial keratoplasty for Fuchs’ dystrophy with cataract: complications and clinical results with the new triple procedure. Ophthalmology 2009;116:631–639.
34. Bajracharya L, Gurung R, Demarchis EH, Oliva M, Ruit S, Tabin G. Indications for keratoplasty in Nepal: 2005–2010. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013;5:207–214.
35. Dong PN, Han TN, Aldave AJ, Chau HT. Indications for and techniques of keratoplasty at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology. Int J Ophthalmol 2016;9:379–383.
36. Hossain P, Tourkmani AK, Kazakos D, Jones M, Anderson D, NHS Blood and Transplant Ocular Tissue Advisory Group and Contributing Ophthalmologists. Emergency corneal grafting in the UK: a 6-year analysis of the UK Transplant Registry. Br J Ophthalmol 2018;102:26–30.
37. Shanbhag SS, Saeed HN, Paschalis EI, Chodosh J. Keratolimbal allograft for limbal stem cell deficiency after severe corneal chemical injury: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol 2018;102:1114–1121.
38. Cheung AY, Holland EJ. Keratolimbal allograft. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2017;28:377–381.
39. Baradaran-Rafii A, Eslani M, Djalillian AR. Complications of keratolimbal allograft surgery. Cornea 2013;32:561–566.
40. Baradaran-Rafii, Ebrahimi M, Kanavi MR, Taghi-Abadi E, Aghdami N, Eslani M, et al. Midterm outcomes of autologous cultivated limbal stem cell transplantation with or without penetrating keratoplasty. Cornea 2010;29:502– 509.
41. Al-Torbak AA, Al-Shahwan S, Al-Jadaan I, Al-Hommadi A, Edward DP. Endophthalmitis associated with the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:454–458.
42. Wigton E, C Swanner J, Joiner W, Feldman A, McGwin G Jr, Huisingh C, et al. Outcomes of shunt tube coverage with glycerol preserved cornea versus pericardium. J Glaucoma 2014;23:258–261.
43. Boynton GE, Woodward MA. Eye-bank preparation of endothelial tissue. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2014;25:319–324.
44. Ple-plakon PA, Shtein RM, Musch DC, Blachley T, Saponara F, Woodward MA. Tissue characteristics and reported adverse events after corneal transplantation. Cornea 2013;32:1339–1343.
45. Edelstein SL, DeMatteo J, Stoeger CG, Macsai MS, Wang CH. Report of the Eye Bank Association of America Medical Review Subcommittee on adverse reactions reported from 2007 to 2014. Cornea 2016;35:917–926.
2. Fasolo A, Capuzzo C, Fornea M, Frigo AC, Monterosso C, Zampini A, et al. Health status and patient satisfaction after corneal graft: results from the corneal transplant epidemiological study. J Ophthalmol 2012;2012:230641.
3. Rezaei Kanavi M, Javadi MA, Motevasseli T, Chamani T, Rezaei Kanavi M, Kheiri B, et al. Trends in indications and techniques of corneal transplantation in Iran from 2006 to 2013; an 8-year review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016;11:146–152.
4. Cunningham WJ, Brookes NH, Twohill HC, Moffatt SL, Pendergrast DG, Stewart JM, et al. Trends in the distribution of donor corneal tissue and indications for corneal transplantation: the New Zealand national eye bank study 2000–2009. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2012;40:141–147.
5. Dobbins KR, Price FW Jr, Whitson WE. Trends in the indications for penetrating keratoplasty in the midwestern United States. Cornea 2000;19:813–816.
6. Ple−Plakon PA, Shtein RM. Trends in corneal transplantation: indications and techniques. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2014;25:300–305.
7. Frigo AC, Fasolo A, Capuzzo C, Fornea M, Bellucci R, Busin M, et al. Corneal transplantation activity over 7 years: changing trends for indications, patient demographics and surgical techniques from the Corneal Transplant Epidemiological Study (CORTES). Transplant Proc 2015;47:528–535.
8. Tan JC, Holland SP, Dubord PJ, Moloney G, McCarthy M, Yeung SN. Evolving indications for and trends in keratoplasty in British Columbia, Canada, from 2002 to 2011: a 10−year review. Cornea 2014;33:252–256.
9. Wang JY, Xie LX, Song XS, Zhao J. Trends in the indications for penetrating keratoplasty in Shandong, 2005−2010. Int J Ophthalmol 2011;4:492–497.
10. Keenan TD, Jones MN, Rushton S, Carley FM, National Health Service Blood and Transplant Ocular Tissue Advisory Group and Contributing Ophthalmologists (Ocular Tissue Advisory Group Audit Study 8). Trends in the indications for corneal graft surgery in the United Kingdom: 1999 through 2009. Arch Ophthalmol 2012;130:621–628.
11. Le R, Yucel N, Khattak S, Yucel YH, Prud’homme GJ, Gupta N. Current indications and surgical approaches to corneal transplants at the University of Toronto: a clinicalpathological study. Can J Ophthalmol 2017;52:74–79.
12. Kanavi MR, Javadi MA, Sanagoo M. Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in Iran. Cornea 2007;26:561–563.
13. Mkanganwi N, Nondo SI, Guramatunhu S. Indications for corneal grafting in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 2000;46:300–302.
14. Sony P, Sharma N, Sen S, Vajpayee RB. Indications of penetrating keratoplasty in northern India. Cornea 2005;24:989–991.
15. Xie L, Song Z, Zhao J, Shi W, Wang F. Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in north China. Cornea 2007;26:1070–1073.
16. Van Meter WS. 2016 Eye Banking Statistical Report. Available from: http://restoresight.org/wp-content/ uploads/2017/04/2016_Statistical_Report-Final-040717.pdf.
17. Javadi MA, Fayaz A, Mirdehghan SA, Ainollahi B. Transmission of rabies by corneal graft. Cornea 1996;15:431–433.
18. Gain P, Jullienne R, He Z, Aldossary M, Acquart S, Cognasse F, Thuret G. Global survey of corneal transplantation and eye banking. JAMA Ophthalmol 2016;134:167–173.
19. Kim BZ, Meyer JJ, Brookes NH, Moffatt SL, Twohill HC, Pendergrast DG, et al. New Zealand trends in corneal transplantation over the 25 years 1991–2015. Br J Ophthalmol 2017;101:834–838.
20. Hashemi H, Alipour F, Mehravaran S, Rezvan F, Alaeddini F, Fotouhi A. Six year Trend in Cataract Surgical Techniques in Iran. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2011;18:150–153.
21. Thakur SK, Dan A, Singh M, Banerjee A, Ghosh A, Bhaduri G. Endothelial cell loss after small incision cataract surgery. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3:177–180.
22. Bourne RR, Minassian DC, Dart JK, Rosen P, Kaushal S, Wingate N. Effect of cataract surgery on the corneal endothelium: modern phacoemulsification compared with extracapsular cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 2004;111:679–685.
23. Bamdad S, Bolkheir A, Sedaghat MR, Motamed M. Changes in corneal thickness and corneal endothelial cell density after phacoemulsification cataract surgery: a double-blind randomized trial. Electron Physician 2018;10:6616–6623.
24. O’Brien PD, Fitzpatrick P, Kilmartin DJ, Beatty S. Risk factors for endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification surgery by a junior resident. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30:839–843.
25. Qazi Y, Hamrah P. Corneal allograft rejection: immunopathogenesis to therapeutics. J Clin Cell Immunol 2013;2013.
26. Williams KA, Esterman AJ, Bartlett C, Holland H, Hornsby NB, Coster DJ. How effective is penetrating corneal transplantation? Factors influencing long-term outcome in multivariate analysis. Transplantation 2006;81:896–901.
27. Williams KA, Lowe M, Bartlett C, Kelly TL, Coster DJ. Risk factors for human corneal graft failure within the Australian corneal graft registry. Transplantation 2008;86:1720– 1724.
28. Al-Yousuf N, Mavrikakis I, Mavrikakis E, Daya SM. Penetrating keratoplasty: indications over a 10 year period. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:998–1001.
29. Keenan TD, Jones MN, Rushton S, Carley FM, National Health Service Blood and Transplant Ocular Tissue Advisory Group and Contributing Ophthalmologists (Ocular Tissue Advisory Group Audit Study 8). Trends in the indications for corneal graft surgery in the United Kingdom: 1999 through 2009. Arch Ophthalmol 2012;130:621–628.
30. Dasar L, Pujar C, Gill KS, Patil M, Salagar M. Indications of penetrating keratoplasty in southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7:2505–2507.
31. Zhang C, Xu J. Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in East China, 1994–2003. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005;243:1005–1009.
32. Röck T, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Röck D. Trends in corneal transplantation at the University Eye Hospital in Tübingen, Germany over the last 12 years: 2004–2015. PLOS ONE 2018;13:e0198793.
33. Terry MA, Shamie N, Chen ES, Phillips PM, Shah AK, Hoar KL, et al. Endothelial keratoplasty for Fuchs’ dystrophy with cataract: complications and clinical results with the new triple procedure. Ophthalmology 2009;116:631–639.
34. Bajracharya L, Gurung R, Demarchis EH, Oliva M, Ruit S, Tabin G. Indications for keratoplasty in Nepal: 2005–2010. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013;5:207–214.
35. Dong PN, Han TN, Aldave AJ, Chau HT. Indications for and techniques of keratoplasty at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology. Int J Ophthalmol 2016;9:379–383.
36. Hossain P, Tourkmani AK, Kazakos D, Jones M, Anderson D, NHS Blood and Transplant Ocular Tissue Advisory Group and Contributing Ophthalmologists. Emergency corneal grafting in the UK: a 6-year analysis of the UK Transplant Registry. Br J Ophthalmol 2018;102:26–30.
37. Shanbhag SS, Saeed HN, Paschalis EI, Chodosh J. Keratolimbal allograft for limbal stem cell deficiency after severe corneal chemical injury: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol 2018;102:1114–1121.
38. Cheung AY, Holland EJ. Keratolimbal allograft. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2017;28:377–381.
39. Baradaran-Rafii A, Eslani M, Djalillian AR. Complications of keratolimbal allograft surgery. Cornea 2013;32:561–566.
40. Baradaran-Rafii, Ebrahimi M, Kanavi MR, Taghi-Abadi E, Aghdami N, Eslani M, et al. Midterm outcomes of autologous cultivated limbal stem cell transplantation with or without penetrating keratoplasty. Cornea 2010;29:502– 509.
41. Al-Torbak AA, Al-Shahwan S, Al-Jadaan I, Al-Hommadi A, Edward DP. Endophthalmitis associated with the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:454–458.
42. Wigton E, C Swanner J, Joiner W, Feldman A, McGwin G Jr, Huisingh C, et al. Outcomes of shunt tube coverage with glycerol preserved cornea versus pericardium. J Glaucoma 2014;23:258–261.
43. Boynton GE, Woodward MA. Eye-bank preparation of endothelial tissue. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2014;25:319–324.
44. Ple-plakon PA, Shtein RM, Musch DC, Blachley T, Saponara F, Woodward MA. Tissue characteristics and reported adverse events after corneal transplantation. Cornea 2013;32:1339–1343.
45. Edelstein SL, DeMatteo J, Stoeger CG, Macsai MS, Wang CH. Report of the Eye Bank Association of America Medical Review Subcommittee on adverse reactions reported from 2007 to 2014. Cornea 2016;35:917–926.