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Hassanzadeh S, Karimi Moonaghi H, Derakhshan A, Masoud Hosseini S, Taghipour A. Preferred Learning Styles among Ophthalmology Residents: An Iranian Sample. JOVR [Internet]. 2019Oct.24 [cited 2024Apr.26];14(4):483–490. Available from: https://knepublishing.com/index.php/JOVR/article/view/5457
https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v14i4.5457
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- Cited by 3 articles
authors
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Samira Hassanzadeh
Samira Hassanzadeh
Paramedical College, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hossein Karimi Moonaghi
Hossein Karimi Moonaghi
Evidence- Based Caring Research Center, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Akbar Derakhshan
Akbar Derakhshan
Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Seyed Masoud Hosseini
Seyed Masoud Hosseini
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ali Taghipour
Ali Taghipour
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Published Date
- Oct 24, 2019
Preferred Learning Styles among Ophthalmology Residents: An Iranian Sample
Abstract
Purpose: This study was performed to assess the learning styles of a sample of Iranian residents through Kolb’s and VARK questionnaires.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 45 ophthalmology residents of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. Kolb’s and VARK questionnaires were provided, and residents were oriented and guided on how to complete them.
Results: Forty-three out of the forty-five ophthalmology residents completed the questionnaire (95.5% response rate). The preferred learning style among ophthalmology residents was assimilative (51.2%), followed by convergent (37.2%), accommodative (7.7%), and divergent (4.7%), based on Kolb’s questionnaire. According to the results of the VARK questionnaire, most ophthalmology residents were auditory learners (34.9%), followed by multimodal learners (30.2%). In addition, there was no significant relation between genders, stage of residency, and Kolb’s and VARK learning styles (P > 0.05 for all).
Conclusion: The most preferred learning styles of ophthalmology residents were assimilative and auditory. Considering the dominant learning styles of learners and incorporating various teaching methods are recommended to enhance the learning among residents.
Keywords:
learning Style, Resident, Ophthalmology, VARK Inventory, Kolb Inventory, Iran
References
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2. ALQahtani DA, Al-Qahtani SM. Assessing learning styles of Saudi dental students using Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory. J Dental Educ 2014;78:927–933.
3. Hossein KM, Fatemeh D, Fatemeh OS, Katri VJ, Tahereh B. Teaching style in clinical nursing education: a qualitative study of Iranian nursing teacher experiences. Nurse Educ Pract 2010;10:8–12.
4. Karimi-Moonaghi H, Dabaghi F, Oskouei F, Vehviläinen- Julkunen K, et al. Learning style in theoretical courses: nursing students’perceptions and experiences. Iran J Med Educ 2009;9:1–14.
5. Kim RH, Gilbert T. Learning style preferences of surgical residency applicants. J Surg Res 2015;198:61–65.
6. Kim RH, Gilbert T, Ristig K. The effect of surgical resident learning style preferences on American Board of Surgery In-training Examination scores. J Surg Educ 2015;72:726–731.
7. Kolb D. Experiential education: experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1984.
8. MitchelL EKL, James S, D’Amore A. How learning styles and preferences of first-year nursing and midwifery students change. Aust J Educ 2015;59:158–168.
9. Kolb DA. Individual learning styles and the learning process. Cambridge, MA: MIT; 1971.
10. Hosseini SM, Amery H, Emadzadeh A, Babazadeh S. Dental students’ educational achievement in relation to their learning styles: a cross-sectional study in Iran. Global J Health Sci 2015;7:152–158.
11. Bitran M, Zuniga D, Lafuente M, et al. Influence of personality and learning styles in the choice of medical specialty. Rev Med Chile 2005;133:1191–1199.
12. Ashrafifard H, Karimi Moonaghi H, Emadzadeh A. Learning Styles of Faculty Members. FMEJ, Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 9-17. DOI: 10.22038/FMEJ.2019.35383.1229.
13. Prithishkumar IJ, Michael S. Understanding your student: using the VARK model. J Postgrad Med 2014;60:183–186.
14. Contessa J, Ciardiello KA, Perlman S. Surgery resident learning styles and academic achievement. Curr Surg 2005;62:344–347.
15. Fowler P. Learning styles of radiographers. Radiography 2002;8:3–11. 16. Amini N, Zamani BE, Abedini Y. Medical students’ learning styles. Iran J Med Educ 2010;10:141–147.
17. Karimi Moonaghi H, Dabbaghi, F, Oskouie SF, Vehvilainen- Julkunen K, Binaghi, T. Teaching style in clinical nursing education: A qualitative study of Iranian nursing teachers’ experiences. Nurse Education in Practice 10 (2010) 8–12.
18. Jannat Alipour ZNN, Jahanshahi M. Evaluation of nursing students’ learning styles based on VARK learning pattern in Ramsar School of Nursing & Midwifery. Biannual J Med Edu 2013;2:37–45.
19. Javadinia A, Sharifzade G, Abedini M, Khalesi M, Erfaniyan M. Learning styles of medical students in Birjand University of medical sciences according to VARK model. Iran J Med Educ 2012;11:584–589.
20. Mohammadi S, Mobarhan MG, Mohammadi M, Ferns G. Age and gender as determinants of learning style among medical students. British J Med Med Res 2015;7:292–298.
21. Sarchami R, Hossaini S. Relationship of learning styles with educational progress of nursing students in Qazvin. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci 2004;30:64–67.
22. Valizadeh L, Zamanzadeh V. Nursing and midwifery students’ learning styles in Tabriz medical university. Iran J Med Educ 2006;6:136–140.
23. Allaa M, Mirzadeh M, Gharib M, Reza Baradaran H, Khashayar P. Assessing learning styles of the medical students and faculty in pre-clinical stage of medical education at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Zanjan Med Educ J 2013;6:1–12.
24. Ghazivakili Z, Norouzi Nia R, Panahi F, Karimi M, Gholsorkhi H, Ahmadi Z. The role of critical thinking skills and learning styles of university students in their academic performance. J Adv Med Educ Prof 2014;2:95–102.
25. Kalbasi S, Naseri M, Sharifzadeh G, Poursafar A. Medical students’ learning styles in Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Strides Dev Med Educ 2008;5:10–16.
26. Meyari A, Sabouri KA, Gharib M, et al. Comparison between the learning style of medical freshmen and fifth year students and its relationship with their educational achievement. Strides Dev Med Educ 2009;6:110–118.
27. Hosseini- Lorgani M, Seif AA. To compare students’ learning styles according to gender, educational grade and major. Q J Re Plan High Educ 2001;7:93–114.
28. Shafian H, Azizzadeh FM, Garrusi B, Haghdoost A. Predictors of learning styles in students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Strides Dev Med Educ 2014;11:90–100.
29. Baker JD, Reines HD, Wallace CT. Learning style analysis in surgical training. Am Surg 1985;51:494–496.
30. Caulley L, Wadey V, Freeman R. Learning styles of first-year orthopedic surgical residents at 1 accredited institution. J Surg Educ 2012;69:196–200.
31. Engels PT, De Gara C. Learning styles of medical students, general surgery residents, and general surgeons: implications for surgical education. BMC Med Educ 2010;10:51– 56.
32. Laeeq K, Weatherly RA, Carrott A, Pandian V, Cummings CW, Bhatti NI. Learning styles in two otolaryngology residency programs. Laryngoscope 2009;119:2360–2365.
33. Richard RD, Deegan BF, Klena JC. The learning styles of orthopedic residents, faculty, and applicants at an academic program. J Surg Educ 2014;71:110–118.
34. Tuli SY, Thompson LA, Saliba H, Black EW, Ryan KA, Kelly MN, et al. Pediatric residents’ learning styles and temperaments and their relationships to standardized test scores. J Grad Med Educ 2011;3:566–570.
35. Modi N, Williams O, Swampillai AJ, Waqar S, Park J, Kersey TL, et al. Learning styles and the prospective ophthalmologist. Med Teach 2015;37:344–347.
36. Stagg BC, Jensen J, Jorgensen A, Olsen C, Pettey J. Learning styles among ophthalmology residents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015;56:144.
37. Kolb A. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory 4.0: a comprehensive guide to the theory, psychometrics, research on validity and educational applications. Philadelphia, PA: Hay Group; 2013.
38. Hashemi H, Babamahmoodi A, Fotouhi A, Asgari S. Revisiting the cataract surgery curriculum for ophthalmology residents: a narrative review. Iran J Ophthalmol 2014;26: 178–182.
39. Van den Berg H. Changes in learning styles induced by practical training. Learn Individ Differ 2015;40:84–89.
40. Nasiri Z, Gharekhani S, Ghasempour M. Relationship between learning style and academic status of Babol Dental students. Electron Phys 2016;8:2340–2345.
41. Salimi M, Sadeghifar J, Peyman H, Shams L. Visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic learning styles preferences in students of Isfahan university of medical sciences, Iran. Health Syst Res 2012;8:1216–1224.
42. Sarabi-Asiabar A, Jafari M, Sadeghifar J, Tofighi S, Zaboli R, Peyman H, et al. The relationship between learning style preferences and gender, educational major and status in first year medical students: a survey study from Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015;17:e18250.
43. Zamani N, Kaboodi A. Evaluation of the VARK model learning styles selection in medical students. Health Res 2017;2:109–115.
44. Shah K, Ahmed J, Shenoy N, Srikant N. How different are students and their learning styles? Int J Res Med Sci 2017;1:212–215.
45. Joy S, Kolb D. Are there cultural differences in learning style? Int J Intercult Relat 2009;33:69–85.
2. ALQahtani DA, Al-Qahtani SM. Assessing learning styles of Saudi dental students using Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory. J Dental Educ 2014;78:927–933.
3. Hossein KM, Fatemeh D, Fatemeh OS, Katri VJ, Tahereh B. Teaching style in clinical nursing education: a qualitative study of Iranian nursing teacher experiences. Nurse Educ Pract 2010;10:8–12.
4. Karimi-Moonaghi H, Dabaghi F, Oskouei F, Vehviläinen- Julkunen K, et al. Learning style in theoretical courses: nursing students’perceptions and experiences. Iran J Med Educ 2009;9:1–14.
5. Kim RH, Gilbert T. Learning style preferences of surgical residency applicants. J Surg Res 2015;198:61–65.
6. Kim RH, Gilbert T, Ristig K. The effect of surgical resident learning style preferences on American Board of Surgery In-training Examination scores. J Surg Educ 2015;72:726–731.
7. Kolb D. Experiential education: experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1984.
8. MitchelL EKL, James S, D’Amore A. How learning styles and preferences of first-year nursing and midwifery students change. Aust J Educ 2015;59:158–168.
9. Kolb DA. Individual learning styles and the learning process. Cambridge, MA: MIT; 1971.
10. Hosseini SM, Amery H, Emadzadeh A, Babazadeh S. Dental students’ educational achievement in relation to their learning styles: a cross-sectional study in Iran. Global J Health Sci 2015;7:152–158.
11. Bitran M, Zuniga D, Lafuente M, et al. Influence of personality and learning styles in the choice of medical specialty. Rev Med Chile 2005;133:1191–1199.
12. Ashrafifard H, Karimi Moonaghi H, Emadzadeh A. Learning Styles of Faculty Members. FMEJ, Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 9-17. DOI: 10.22038/FMEJ.2019.35383.1229.
13. Prithishkumar IJ, Michael S. Understanding your student: using the VARK model. J Postgrad Med 2014;60:183–186.
14. Contessa J, Ciardiello KA, Perlman S. Surgery resident learning styles and academic achievement. Curr Surg 2005;62:344–347.
15. Fowler P. Learning styles of radiographers. Radiography 2002;8:3–11. 16. Amini N, Zamani BE, Abedini Y. Medical students’ learning styles. Iran J Med Educ 2010;10:141–147.
17. Karimi Moonaghi H, Dabbaghi, F, Oskouie SF, Vehvilainen- Julkunen K, Binaghi, T. Teaching style in clinical nursing education: A qualitative study of Iranian nursing teachers’ experiences. Nurse Education in Practice 10 (2010) 8–12.
18. Jannat Alipour ZNN, Jahanshahi M. Evaluation of nursing students’ learning styles based on VARK learning pattern in Ramsar School of Nursing & Midwifery. Biannual J Med Edu 2013;2:37–45.
19. Javadinia A, Sharifzade G, Abedini M, Khalesi M, Erfaniyan M. Learning styles of medical students in Birjand University of medical sciences according to VARK model. Iran J Med Educ 2012;11:584–589.
20. Mohammadi S, Mobarhan MG, Mohammadi M, Ferns G. Age and gender as determinants of learning style among medical students. British J Med Med Res 2015;7:292–298.
21. Sarchami R, Hossaini S. Relationship of learning styles with educational progress of nursing students in Qazvin. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci 2004;30:64–67.
22. Valizadeh L, Zamanzadeh V. Nursing and midwifery students’ learning styles in Tabriz medical university. Iran J Med Educ 2006;6:136–140.
23. Allaa M, Mirzadeh M, Gharib M, Reza Baradaran H, Khashayar P. Assessing learning styles of the medical students and faculty in pre-clinical stage of medical education at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Zanjan Med Educ J 2013;6:1–12.
24. Ghazivakili Z, Norouzi Nia R, Panahi F, Karimi M, Gholsorkhi H, Ahmadi Z. The role of critical thinking skills and learning styles of university students in their academic performance. J Adv Med Educ Prof 2014;2:95–102.
25. Kalbasi S, Naseri M, Sharifzadeh G, Poursafar A. Medical students’ learning styles in Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Strides Dev Med Educ 2008;5:10–16.
26. Meyari A, Sabouri KA, Gharib M, et al. Comparison between the learning style of medical freshmen and fifth year students and its relationship with their educational achievement. Strides Dev Med Educ 2009;6:110–118.
27. Hosseini- Lorgani M, Seif AA. To compare students’ learning styles according to gender, educational grade and major. Q J Re Plan High Educ 2001;7:93–114.
28. Shafian H, Azizzadeh FM, Garrusi B, Haghdoost A. Predictors of learning styles in students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Strides Dev Med Educ 2014;11:90–100.
29. Baker JD, Reines HD, Wallace CT. Learning style analysis in surgical training. Am Surg 1985;51:494–496.
30. Caulley L, Wadey V, Freeman R. Learning styles of first-year orthopedic surgical residents at 1 accredited institution. J Surg Educ 2012;69:196–200.
31. Engels PT, De Gara C. Learning styles of medical students, general surgery residents, and general surgeons: implications for surgical education. BMC Med Educ 2010;10:51– 56.
32. Laeeq K, Weatherly RA, Carrott A, Pandian V, Cummings CW, Bhatti NI. Learning styles in two otolaryngology residency programs. Laryngoscope 2009;119:2360–2365.
33. Richard RD, Deegan BF, Klena JC. The learning styles of orthopedic residents, faculty, and applicants at an academic program. J Surg Educ 2014;71:110–118.
34. Tuli SY, Thompson LA, Saliba H, Black EW, Ryan KA, Kelly MN, et al. Pediatric residents’ learning styles and temperaments and their relationships to standardized test scores. J Grad Med Educ 2011;3:566–570.
35. Modi N, Williams O, Swampillai AJ, Waqar S, Park J, Kersey TL, et al. Learning styles and the prospective ophthalmologist. Med Teach 2015;37:344–347.
36. Stagg BC, Jensen J, Jorgensen A, Olsen C, Pettey J. Learning styles among ophthalmology residents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015;56:144.
37. Kolb A. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory 4.0: a comprehensive guide to the theory, psychometrics, research on validity and educational applications. Philadelphia, PA: Hay Group; 2013.
38. Hashemi H, Babamahmoodi A, Fotouhi A, Asgari S. Revisiting the cataract surgery curriculum for ophthalmology residents: a narrative review. Iran J Ophthalmol 2014;26: 178–182.
39. Van den Berg H. Changes in learning styles induced by practical training. Learn Individ Differ 2015;40:84–89.
40. Nasiri Z, Gharekhani S, Ghasempour M. Relationship between learning style and academic status of Babol Dental students. Electron Phys 2016;8:2340–2345.
41. Salimi M, Sadeghifar J, Peyman H, Shams L. Visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic learning styles preferences in students of Isfahan university of medical sciences, Iran. Health Syst Res 2012;8:1216–1224.
42. Sarabi-Asiabar A, Jafari M, Sadeghifar J, Tofighi S, Zaboli R, Peyman H, et al. The relationship between learning style preferences and gender, educational major and status in first year medical students: a survey study from Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015;17:e18250.
43. Zamani N, Kaboodi A. Evaluation of the VARK model learning styles selection in medical students. Health Res 2017;2:109–115.
44. Shah K, Ahmed J, Shenoy N, Srikant N. How different are students and their learning styles? Int J Res Med Sci 2017;1:212–215.
45. Joy S, Kolb D. Are there cultural differences in learning style? Int J Intercult Relat 2009;33:69–85.