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Feizi M, R. Isen D, Tavakoli M. Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Vaccination: A Narrative Review. JOVR [Internet]. 2023Feb.13 [cited 2024May3];18(1):113–122. Available from: https://knepublishing.com/index.php/JOVR/article/view/12731
https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v18i1.12731
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Mohadeseh Feizi
Mohadeseh Feizi
Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 9 St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran 16666, Iran.
-
Danielle R. Isen
Danielle R. Isen
University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Mehdi Tavakoli
Mehdi Tavakoli
University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Published Date
- Feb 13, 2023
Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Vaccination: A Narrative Review
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has vastly affected the whole world. Although respiratory disease is the most common manifestation of COVID-19, the virus can affect multiple organs. Neurotropic aspects of the virus are increasingly unfolding, in so far as some respiratory failures are attributed to brainstem involvement. The neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 and the neuro-ophthalmic side effects of vaccination were reviewed. The major findings are that the SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly causes headaches and ocular pain. It can affect the afferent and efferent visual pathways by ischemic or inflammatory mechanisms. Optic nerve may be the origin of transient or permanent visual loss from papillophlebitis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or optic neuritis. Cerebrovascular strokes are not uncommon and may lead to cortical visual impairment or optic nerve infarction. SARSCoV- 2 may affect the pupillomotor pathways, resulting in tonic pupil (Adie’s syndrome) or Horner’s syndrome. Cranial neuropathies including third, fourth, sixth, and seventh nerve palsies have all been reported. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis superinfections in COVID-19 patients receiving steroids or other immunosuppressive therapies may result in unilateral or bilateral visual loss and ophthalmoplegia. Autoimmune conditions such as Guillain- Barré, Miller-Fisher syndrome, and ocular myasthenia have been reported.
Keywords:
Corona Virus, COVID-19, Neuro-ophthalmology, Vaccination, Vision Loss
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2. Tisdale AK, Dinkin M, Chwalisz BK. Afferent and efferent neuro-ophthalmic complications of coronavirus disease 19. J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2021;41:154–165.
3. Rojas-Correa DX, Reche-Sainz JA, Insausti-García A, Calleja-García C, Ferro-Osuna M. Post COVID-19 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated optic neuritis. Neuro-Ophthalmology 2021;46:115–121.
4. Shaw VC, Chander G, Puttanna A. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder secondary to COVID-19. Br J Hosp Med 2020;81:1–3.
5. da Silva Catharino AM, Neves MAO, Nunes NSM, do Nascimento JSF, do Nascimento JKF, Castro RRT, et al. COVID-19 related optic neuritis: Case report. J Clin Neurol Neurosci 2020;18:10.
6. Bondira IP, Lambert-Cheatham NA, Sakuru RC, Polinger- Hyman DJ, Pipitone BD, Arnold KE. Inability to read after prolonged COVID-19 hospitalization: MRI with clinical correlation. J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2021;41:e277–e278.
7. Cyr DG, Vicidomini CM, Siu NY, Elmann SE. Severe bilateral vision loss in 2 patients with coronavirus disease 2019. J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2020;40:403–405.
8. Priftis K, Prior M, Meneghetti L, Mercogliano T, Bendini M. Alexia without agraphia in a post COVID-19 patient with left-hemisphere ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci 2021;42:2179–2181.
9. Greer CE, Bhatt JM, Oliveira CA, Dinkin MJ. Isolated cranial nerve 6 palsy in 6 patients with COVID-19 infection. J Neuroophthalmol 2020;40:520–522.
10. Lima MA, Silva MT, Soares CN, Coutinho R, Oliveira HS, Afonso L, et al. Peripheral facial nerve palsy associated with COVID-19. J Neurovirol 2020;26:941–944.
11. Chwalisz BK, Dinkin MJ. Disease of the year: COVID-19 and its neuro-ophthalmic complications. J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2020;40:283–284.
12. Naor MS, Mathew PG, Sharon R. Transient Horner syndrome associated with COVID-19: A case report. eNeurologicalSci 2021;25:100349.
13. Portela-Sánchez S, Sánchez-Soblechero A, Melgarejo Otalora PJ, Rodríguez López Á, Velilla Alonso G, Palacios- Mendoza MA, et al. Neurological complications of COVID- 19 in hospitalized patients: The registry of a neurology department in the first wave of the pandemic. Eur J Neurol 2021;28:3339–3347.
14. Rodríguez-Rodríguez MS, Romero-Castro RM, Alvaradode la Barrera C, González-Cannata MG, García-Morales AK, Ávila-Ríos S. Optic neuritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Neurovirol 2021;27:359–363.
15. Kaya Y, Kara S, Akinci C, Kocaman AS. Transient cortical blindness in COVID-19 pneumonia; a PRES-like syndrome: Case report. J Neurol Sci 2020;413:116858.
16. Ghosh R, Lahiri D, Dubey S, Ray BK, Benito-León J. Hallucinatory palinopsia in COVID-19-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. J Neuro- Ophthalmol 2020;40:523–526.
17. de Ruijter NS, Kramer G, Gons RA, Hengstman GJ. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder after presumed coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: A case report. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020;46:102474.
18. Zhou S, Jones-Lopez EC, Soneji DJ, Azevedo CJ, Patel VR. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodyassociated optic neuritis and myelitis in COVID-19. J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2020;40:398–402.
19. Sawalha K, Adeodokun S, Kamoga GR. COVID-19-induced acute bilateral optic neuritis. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2020;8:2324709620976018
20. Žorić L, Rajović-Mrkić I, Čolak E, Mirić D, Kisić B. Optic neuritis in a patient with seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody during the post- COVID-19 period. Int Med Case Rep J 2021;14:349–355.
21. Kogure C, Kikushima W, Fukuda Y, Hasebe Y, Takahashi T, Shibuya T, et al. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated optic neuritis in a COVID-19 patient: A case report. Medicine 2021;100:e25865.
22. Woodhall M, Mitchell JW, Gibbons E, Healy S, Waters P, Huda S. Case report: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated relapse with COVID-19. Front Neurol 2020;11:598531.
23. Novi G, Rossi T, Pedemonte E, Saitta L, Rolla C, Roccatagliata L, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020;7:797.
24. Dakay K, Cooper J, Bloomfield J, Overby P, Mayer SA, Nuoman R, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in COVID-19 infection: A case series and review of the literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021;30:105434.
25. Klein DE, Libman R, Kirsch C, Arora R. Cerebral venous thrombosis: A typical presentation of COVID-19 in the young. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020;29:104989.
26. Sansone P, Giaccari LG, Aurilio C, Coppolino F, Esposito V, Fiore M, et al. Post-infectious Guillain-Barré syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review. Life 2021;11:1–16.
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