West Kazakhstan Medical Journal

The Importance of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer

Asset A. Kaliyev, Nadiar M. Mussin, Amin Tamadon — Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy has emerged as a transformative strategy in cancer treatment, leveraging the unique regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs to address the limitations of traditional approaches. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted applications and intricate mechanisms of action underlying MSC therapy for cancer. MSCs exhibit remarkable tumor-targeting capabilities, harnessing their innate homing abilities for selective migration to tumor sites. This property is harnessed for targeted drug delivery, optimizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing collateral damage to healthy tissues. Moreover, the immunomodulatory prowess of MSCs plays a pivotal role in shaping the tumor microenvironment. Through the suppression of pro-inflammatory signals and the promotion of antitumor immune responses, MSCs create a milieu that inhibits tumor growth. Engineered MSCs further serve as carriers for anticancer drugs, facilitating direct delivery to tumor sites and mitigating systemic toxicity. Additionally, the radioprotective effects of MSCs provide a unique opportunity to enhance the therapeutic window during radiotherapy, safeguarding healthy tissues. However, challenges such as achieving consistent tumor tropism, addressing safety concerns, and standardizing protocols underscore the need for ongoing research. Rigorous clinical trials are imperative to establish the safety profile and efficacy of MSC therapy across diverse cancer types. As we navigate these challenges, the promise of personalized and effective cancer treatments through MSC therapy continues to unfold, offering new hope for improved outcomes in the relentless battle against cancer.

Diagnosing Pneumonia in Real Time: Rapid Diagnostic Tests as Game-Changers in Management Strategies

Nurgul Ablakimova — Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This review explores the transformative impact of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) on pneumonia management. Pneumonia, a global health challenge, often requires swift identification of causative pathogens for effective treatment. Traditional diagnostic methods, while valuable, have limitations, prompting the rise of RDTs. The review highlights the advantages, challenges, and future directions of RDTs, emphasizing their potential to provide real-time pathogen identification, improve treatment strategies, and enhance patient care in the context of pneumonia.

Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of Datura stramonium and Datura inoxia: A Mini Review

Aditi Singh Chouhan, Rithish Bharadwaj, Madhup Baxi, Aliya Zhylkybekova — Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with increasing mortality rates. Despite advancements in conventional treatments, the exploration of alternative therapies remains vital. This study investigates the antioxidant properties of Datura in treatment of cancer disease. We searched three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Datura herb possesses antioxidant properties due to phytochemical compounds like phytol acetate, beta-damascenone, and betaeudesmol, which scavenge free radicals and reduce nitric oxide production. Additionally, it exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and enhancing lymphocyte cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Moreover, Datura’s anticancer potential lies in its ability to inhibit cellular signaling pathways involved in cancer development, particularly in breast and lung cancers by compounds like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and cardiac glycoside. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the herb’s toxicity, which can cause severe central nervous system damage, hallucinations, and even death at high doses, necessitating careful extraction and evaluation of its compounds for therapeutic use.

The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Dentistry: A Review

Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention in regenerative dentistry due to their remarkable ability to differentiate into various cell types and their immunomodulatory properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in MSC research relevant to dentistry, focusing on their potential applications in periodontal tissue regeneration, dental pulp regeneration, and maxillofacial bone repair. Periodontal diseases, which affect the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, are a significant challenge in dentistry. Current treatments often involve surgical intervention and tissue grafting. MSCs have shown promise as a potential alternative for periodontal tissue regeneration, as they can differentiate into periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of MSC-based therapies in periodontal regeneration. Dental pulp regeneration is another area where MSCs hold promise. Damaged or infected dental pulp can lead to pulpitis or pulp necrosis, necessitating root canal treatment. MSCs have been studied for their ability to regenerate dental pulp tissue and promote pulp healing. They can differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and regenerate dentin-like tissue, making them a potential treatment option for dental pulp regeneration. In maxillofacial bone repair, MSCs have been investigated for their osteogenic differentiation potential and ability to stimulate bone regeneration. Studies have shown promising results, suggesting that MSC-based therapies could be a viable treatment option for maxillofacial bone defects. The mechanisms underlying MSC-based therapies in dentistry are not fully understood but are thought to involve a combination of paracrine effects, immunomodulation, and differentiation into specific cell types. Future research should focus on addressing these challenges and exploring novel approaches for enhancing the regenerative potential of MSCs in dentistry.

Recombinant Protein Expression Optimizing: A Review of S/MAR, STAR, and UCOE, as a Chromatin-Modifying Element

Fateme Hasheminejad, Amir Amiri-Yekta — Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid growth of the global biopharmaceutical market in recent years indicates its importance in the biotechnology industry. The production of these medicinal products is one of the fastest-growing industries in the patient treatment field. Since 1980, processes have been developed to optimize the production of recombinant protein products upstream and downstream. In this regard, one promising approach is the engineering of expression vectors based on combinations of DNA regulatory elements found in euchromatin regions. This approach aims to achieve proper gene integration and facilitate its expression in the target cell, as epigenetic mechanisms can lead to instability of the desired gene in long-term cell cultures and gene silencing. To address this issue, genetically engineered vectors have been produced, which include components such as Matrix Attachment Regions (MARs), Scaffold Attachment Regions (SARs), Stabilizing Anti-Repressor Elements (STAREs), and Ubiquitous Chromatin Opening Elements (UCOE). These components can modify the chromatin environment to minimize gene silencing and enhance higher, more stable, and biologically active expression of recombinant molecules. In this review, we focus on different approaches and developments in the technology of expression vector engineering and their impact on increasing the production of recombinant proteins.

Some Serologic Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis Activity: A Narrative Review

Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Interferon-beta (IFN-

Unveiling the Healing Potential of Avicennia marina: A Mini Review on its Medicinal Marvels

Aymen Abdulateef Alrubaye, Reshad Moradi Balef, Siavash Kalbi, Nader Tanideh — Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This mini review delves into the therapeutic attributes of Avicennia marina, commonly known as the Grey Mangrove, situated within mangrove ecosystems. Characterized by unique biochemical features, A. marina has captured the attention of the scientific community for its potential medicinal applications. Thriving in intertidal zones amidst salinity fluctuations and environmental stressors, this resilient mangrove species has evolved adaptive mechanisms, leading to the synthesis of secondary metabolites with recognized pharmacological properties. Beyond its immediate relevance in medical research, A. marina emerges as a significant player in environmental health, especially in the context of escalating climate change challenges. The intertidal zones it inhabits face increasing vulnerability to rising sea levels and temperature fluctuations, emphasizing the importance of understanding its adaptive mechanisms for both medicinal and ecological insights. Moreover, A. marina serves as a testament to the intricate interplay between nature and human health. Bioactive compounds found in this mangrove not only hold promise for pharmaceutical applications but also contribute to the burgeoning field of herbal medicine. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches provides a holistic understanding of the Grey Mangrove’s therapeutic spectrum, unveiling potential herbal remedies with relevance to contemporary healthcare practices. This dual perspective positions A. marina as a subject of interdisciplinary research, where botanical pharmacology intersects with ecological resilience, addressing both medical and environmental challenges.

Cluster-Based Diagnostic for Diabetes, Insights from Europe and Asia

Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a major global health challenge, with its prevalence steadily rising in recent decades. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas projecting that the number of individuals living with diabetes will reach 783 million by 2045. The Asian region is particularly affected, with over 157 million diagnosed cases in 2021, representing about 11% of the region’s total adult population. This review aims to shed light on the heterogeneity within T2DM, emphasizing the importance on the diversity of disease and exhibits the different phenotypic characteristics. The focus of the review is to highlight the significance of understanding these variations in glycemic levels, insulin resistance, complications, heredity, lifestyle, and patient preferences to tailor effective prevention and management strategies. A comprehensive review of recent studies is presented, revealing the importance of personalized approaches in combating the multifaceted challenges related to T2DM. The key findings underscore the critical need for adapting treatment strategies to individual patient profiles, thus mitigating the burden of T2DM and its health consequences. This manuscript underscores the pressing need for additional research endeavors and the formulation of customized interventions to tackle the escalating prevalence of T2DM, both on a global scale and within the Asian region.Cluster-Based Diagnostic for Diabetes, Insights from Europe and Asia

Demographic Features of Ulcerative Gastroduodenal Bleeding

Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background. Gastroduodenal bleeding (GDB) is a common cause of endoscopic examinations. This study aims to study demographic criteria in patients with ulcerative genesis GDB during primary endoscopic examinations in a single center.
Materials and Methods. The diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) of 231 patients with GDB of ulcerative etiology from January 2020 to December 2021 was analyzed, all patients were with primary EGDS. The study compared the activity of ulcerative bleeding, depending on gender and age groups.
Results. The majority of patients with ulcerative GDCS were women – 57.7%. In both groups, duodenal ulcer was the predominant cause of GDB, 61.5% in women, and 54.2% in men. Active bleeding was observed in 8 (3.4%) patients. Among all women and men, Forrest-II bleeding was detected in 126 (93.4%) and 86 (89.6%) patients, respectively. In women and men, GDB is most common over the age of 50 (83.7% and 59.3%). Significant differences were observed, such as GDB occurs more often in men at the age of 41–50 years, whereas in women it occurs more often at the age of 51–60 years (p < 0.05). Bleeding activity according to Forrest did not depend on gender (p > 0.05).
Conclusion. The risk of bleeding among both women and men is higher over the age of 50. At the same time, the activity of GDK does not depend on the gender and age of the patient.

Is Botox an Alternative to Surgery for Anal Fissure?

Eyüp Murat Yilmaz, Erkan Karacan — Fri, 28 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective To compare the results of the lateral internal sphincterotomy(LIS) technique and high dose botulinum toxin, which is one of the treatments applied when medical treatment is insufficient in anal fissure. Materials and methods The files and outpatient clinic notes of the patients who underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy and botulinum toxin injection due to lack of response to medical treatment due to anal fissure between May 2020 and May 2023 were examined retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores, five-point horizontal scale (FPHS) scores, hospitalization times, fissure locations, follow-up periods, anesthesia type, and postoperative complications of the patients were recorded. Results Total 30 LIS and 24 botulinum toxin-treated patients were included. Hospitalization time was shorter in botulinum toxin groups than in the LIS group (p<0.001). First-week VAS score was lower than botulinum toxin injection group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of FPHS scores, follow-up periods, and recurrence (p:0.15, p:0.07, p:0.14). Conclusion: While LIS is faster in the early period, botulinum toxin injection can be considered as an alternative to surgical treatment for long-term results.