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Hosseini, F., Pahlavan, F., & Ahmadi, F. (2024). The categorization of opaque pathologies outside of contrast media in hysterosalpingography which facilitate interpretation: A pictorial review. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM), 22(3), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i3.16163

https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v22i3.16163

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authors

  • Fereshteh Hosseini

    Fereshteh Hosseini

    Department of Reproductive Imaging, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
  • Fattaneh Pahlavan

    Fattaneh Pahlavan

    Department of Reproductive Imaging, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
  • Firoozeh Ahmadi

    Firoozeh Ahmadi

    Department of Reproductive Imaging, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.

Published Date

  • May 12, 2024

The categorization of opaque pathologies outside of contrast media in hysterosalpingography which facilitate interpretation: A pictorial review

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM) / International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM): Volume 22, Issue No. 3 / Pages 191–202.

Abstract

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a practical and reliable imaging method to evaluate the cervical canal, uterine isthmus, uterine cavity, and fallopian tubes. Using HSG, opaque pathologies outside of contrast media can be detected as well as pathologies of uterus and fallopian tubes. We aim to present and categorize some uncommon and interesting abnormal findings that are located outside of the contrast areas in HSG. This is a pictorial review that depicts various types of HSG images that include opaque pathologies outside of the contrast areas. Images have been extracted from valuable archives collected over 50 yr by professor Shahrzad. A plain pelvic film contains soft tissues of the pelvis, bony structures, artifacts, or foreign bodies. Categorization might easily help the radiologist to interpret the HSG cliché. Opaque pathologies outside of contrast area in HSG can be categorized into 2 groups: “Pelvic Tissue Related” and “Foreign Bodies”. Pelvic tissue abnormalities might have a gynecologic or nongynecologic source. Foreign bodies can be located in the pelvis or outside of the body. HSG is a reliable and inexpensive procedure. Familiarity with the pathologies of pelvic tissues and the accurate interpretation of HSG images are important.


Key words: Hysterosalpingography, Opaque, Abnormalities, Uterine, Fallopian tubes.

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