ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
type: channel
publisher: Knowledge E
language: en-US
publication name: ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
issn: 2789-5009
items: EDITORIAL
items: Knowledge About Healthy Nutrition Among Students of the Amazon State University and its Campuses
items: Emotional Ecology and Quality of Life in University Students
items: A Bibliographic Review of Diclofenac Sodium Determination with Electrochemically Modified Sensors in Different Biological, Pharmaceutical, and water Sources
items: Glacier Volume Estimation Using the Glaptop Model in the Cordillera Blanca of Peru
items: Analysis of Automotive Air Conditioning System Performance with Alternative Refrigerants to R-134a
items: Effect of Heat Treatment on the Antioxidant Capacity of Fruits and Vegetables - A Review Study
items: Exploring the Potential and Risks of the Metaverse: An Interdisciplinary Study
items: Machine Learning Application and Cloud Computing-based Monitoring for Production Management in the IPC 200 Industrial Process Simulator
items: Differences in Biomass Accumulation in the Cultivation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) var. Batavia Under Two Greenhouses: Traditional and Heated
items: Computer Attacks and Their Impact on the Security of Servers with Linux Operating System of Local Government Entities
items: Customizing English Language Teaching to Suit Individual Learning Styles of Students
items: Development of Antibacterial Gels Based on Sodium Alginate and Inclusion Complexes for Packaging Applications in Fruits and Vegetables
items: Spinal Manipulation as a Treatment for Neck Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
items: Exploring the Effectiveness of Motivational Stories and Videos Shared via Facebook in Enhancing the Writing Skills of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Students
items: Preparation of Pelleted Feed Plus the Addition of Probiotics for Pigs in the Growth and Fattening Stage
items: Elaboration of Nutritional Blocks Based on Sugarcane Bagasse Meal and Fodder Peanuts for Feeding Guinea Pigs in the Growth-fattening Stage
items: Fodder Mixture Evaluation for the Feeding of Growing-fattening Guinea Pigs in the Quijos Canton of the Province of Napo
items: The Impact of Occupational Safety on Productivity in Ecuadorian Micro-enterprises
items: Entrepreneurial Guidance and Educational Programs for Young University Students in the City of Riobamba

EDITORIAL
type: item
description: This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.
creator: . .
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17161

Knowledge About Healthy Nutrition Among Students of the Amazon State University and its Campuses
type: item
description: Nutrition constitutes the physiological process by which the body receives, converts, and utilizes the chemical compounds present in food. These nutritive substances are essential for the proper functioning of organs, growth, and performance of all daily physical activities by humans. This research aims to assess the level of knowledge among students at the main campus and its branches regarding nutrition. An explanatory non-experimental study was conducted, determining a sample of 400 students from the schools of agroindustry, biology, environmental sciences, tourism, forestry, agriculture, and social communication. A structured questionnaire based on literature review and the nutritional pyramid was used to collect information and divided into two parts: general and specific. The results revealed the following parameters: 62% of the participants consume food three times a day, while 62.8% ingest 8 glasses of water daily. The perception of a healthy plate is based on a balanced consumption of proteins, carbohydrates, and vegetables. Basic knowledge about the functions of nutritional components in human metabolism was evident. In conclusion, the results reflect varied patterns in the dietary habits and knowledge of university students, emphasizing the importance of nutritional education and the need to promote balanced choices for a healthy diet. Keywords: nutrition, physiological, functional, students, university, perception. Resumen La alimentación constituye el proceso fisiológico mediante el cual el organismo recepta, convierte y utiliza los compuestos químicos presentes en los alimentos. Dichas sustancias nutritivas son fundamentales para el adecuado funcionamiento de los órganos, el crecimiento y la ejecución de todas las actividades físicas diarias por parte del ser humano. El propósito de la investigación fue evaluar el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes de la matriz y sus sedes en relación con la alimentación. Se llevó a cabo un estudio explicativo n…
creator: M Enríquez
creator: T Enrìquez
creator: S Aguiar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 3
ending page: 16
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17162

Emotional Ecology and Quality of Life in University Students
type: item
description: Emotional ecology (EE), or eco-emotions, influences the quality of life and contributes to improving human beings to be emotionally ecological. The mixed research approach, descriptive level, documentary and field type, non-experimental and transversal design, and methods applied included inductive, deductive, analytical, synthetic, and systemic. The study population consisted of the students enrolled in the marketing degree (700) and a sample of 248 students. The results obtained in the variable (EE) 4Rs model are: to reduce emotional pollutants; to recycle resources and emotions; to recover dormant or underused skills and abilities; and to repair emotional wounds. EE significantly influences the quality of life (GENCAT scale) in the following indicators: emotional well-being, interpersonal relationships, material well-being, personal development, physical well-being, self-determination, social inclusion, and rights. It is concluded that the variable quality of life (QoL) is acceptable—a general index of quality of life. The determining factors for young university students were self-determination, social inclusion, and emotional well-being. In the CV profile, the result was positive. EE is the art of sustainably managing our emotional world, with the 4Rs being the basic rules that serve for cognitive and affective enrichment, which increases QOL. They allow you to provide a solution to social, personal, and professional challenges and show how to identify and manage them. The 4Rs are a useful tool to prevent and confront crisis situations, both personal and collective, by increasing ecological awareness and learning to apply the principles of emotional sustainability in daily life. Keywords: emotional ecology, 4RS, quality of life, GENCAT scale. Resumen La ecología emocional (EE) o eco-emociones influye fue la calidad de vida, y contribuye a mejorar al ser humano a ser emocionalmente ecológico. El enfoque de investigación mixto, de nivel descriptivo, tipo document…
creator: L Vallejo-Chávez
creator: A Tapia-Bonifaz
creator: M Miranda-Salazar
creator: V Ureña-Torres
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 17
ending page: 43
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17163

A Bibliographic Review of Diclofenac Sodium Determination with Electrochemically Modified Sensors in Different Biological, Pharmaceutical, and water Sources
type: item
description: Diclofenac sodium (DS) attracts the interest of researchers because it is one of the most prevalent pharmaceuticals in aqueous matrices and has the potential to harm aquatic life. However, most of the techniques used to analyze it are expensive and require a highly trained professional to perform them. On the other hand, there is the possibility of testing DS with electrochemical sensors. They are currently available for determining contaminants in different samples (tablets, blood, urine), but only a few articles analyze DS in wastewater. This is how the selection of articles for the review was organized by the type of modifier used in the working electrode. In addition, recent improvements in DS detection using electrochemical techniques in pharmaceutical formulations, biological fluids, and environmental materials were provided and discussed, along with a brief description of the results and methods used in the development publications. Keywords: diclofenac sodium, wastewater, modifier, electrochemical detection.. Resumen El diclofenaco sódico (DS) atrae el interés de los investigadores porque es uno de los productos farmacéuticos más presentes en matrices acuosas y tiene el potencial de dañar la vida acuática. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las técnicas utilizadas para analizarlo son costosas y requieren de un profesional altamente capacitado para realizarlas. Por otro lado, existe la posibilidad de probar DS con sensores electroquímicos. Actualmente están disponibles para la determinación del contaminante en diferentes muestras (tabletas, sangre, orina), pero sólo unos pocos artículos analizan el DS en aguas residuales. Es así como la selección de los artículos para la revisión se organizó por el tipo de modificador utilizado en el electrodo de trabajo. Además, se brindaron y discutieron mejoras recientes en la detección de DS mediante técnicas electroquímicas en formulaciones farmacéuticas, fluidos biológicos y materiales ambientales, junto con una breve descripci…
creator: J. Hidalgo
creator: I. Galambos
creator: G. Turdean
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 44
ending page: 61
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17164

Glacier Volume Estimation Using the Glaptop Model in the Cordillera Blanca of Peru
type: item
description: The spatial retreat of glaciers located in the Peruvian Andes is closely linked to global climate change. The glaciers of the Checquiaraju micro-basin of the Cordillera Blanca are the main sources of water for the Andean zone; however, they have been suffering an accelerated space retreat. Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques have been applied to estimate the variation in glacier area and volume from LANDSAT 5 images. Glacier area and volume results are correlated with normalized difference snow index (NDSI) data to discriminate the snow cover from the rest of the elements in the image through the digital numbers (DN) of two bands: the TM blue band and shortwave infrared. The glacial zone was separated from the non-glacial zone for a better fit with the glacier limits seen in the composite color image. Subsequently, the delimitation of the glacier cover was refined through supervised classification, and finally, the determination of the volume of the glacier was estimated using the Glabtop model. The evolution of the glacier area of the Checquiaraju micro-basin tends to retreat. In the period 1989–2004, the glacier area of the study area decreased by 0.44 km2 (representing 11.3% of the glacier area in 1989), considering a rate of decrease of 0.0275 km2/year, which shows the retreat of glaciers in the area, which is a source of supply. Keywords: Checquiaraju, SIG, LANDSAT 5, NDSI, Glabtop. Resumen El retroceso espacial de los glaciares ubicados en los Andes peruanos está estrechamente vinculado al cambio climático global. Los glaciares de la microcuenca de Checquiaraju de la Cordillera Blanca son una fuente de agua muy importante para la zona andina; pero ellos vienen sufriendo un retroceso espacial acelerado. Se ha aplicado las técnicas de la Teledetección y Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para estimar la variación del área y volumen glaciar a partir de imágenes LANDSAT 5. Los resultados de área y volumen glaciar se correlacion…
creator: M Zapana Quispe
creator: R Peña Murillo
creator: Y Pachac Huerta
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 62
ending page: 71
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17165

Analysis of Automotive Air Conditioning System Performance with Alternative Refrigerants to R-134a
type: item
description: This work analyzed the performance of the automotive air conditioning system, operating with several alternative refrigerants to R-134a. For this, a thermodynamic model of the automotive vapor compression cycle was implemented to determine the COP of the system, the refrigeration capacity, and the consumption of the compressor. The model considers the compressor rotation speed, ambient temperature, cabin temperature, air speed in the condenser, and volumetric airflow in the evaporator as operating parameters. The refrigerants chosen for the analysis were R-152a, R-1234yf, R-290, R-410A, and R-32. The simulation was carried out with climatic data from the city of Riobamba, and temperatures inside the cabin were measured experimentally. The study shows that the refrigerant R-152a has a COP 10% better than R-134a and could be an alternative for direct replacement of refrigerant. On the other hand, R-1234yf presented a COP 9% lower than that of R-134a, which requires adjustments in the sizing of components to provide the same cooling capacity as R-134a. Finally, R-290, R-410A, and R-32 refrigerants have lower performance and higher compressor consumption. Keywords: automotive air conditioning, vapor compression cycle, COP, cooling capacity, refrigerants. Resumen En este trabajo se analizó el desempeño del sistema de aire acondicionado automotriz operando con varios refrigerantes alternativos al R-134a. Para ello, se implementó un modelo termodinámico del ciclo de compresión de vapor automotriz para determinar el COP del sistema, la capacidad frigorífica y el consumo del compresor. El modelo considera como parámetros de funcionamiento la velocidad de giro del compresor, temperatura ambiente, temperatura del habitáculo, velocidad del aire en el condensador y flujo volumétrico del aire en el evaporador. Los refrigerantes escogidos para el análisis fueron el R-152a, R-1234yf, R-290, R-410A, y el R-32. La simulación se realizó con datos climáticos de la ciudad de Riobamba y …
creator: DA Silva-Espinoza
creator: ME Taipe-Chariguamán
creator: DC Vásconez-Núñez
creator: SM Bonilla-Novillo
creator: FM Tello-Oquendo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 72
ending page: 86
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17166

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Antioxidant Capacity of Fruits and Vegetables - A Review Study
type: item
description: Fruits and vegetables are a fundamental part of people’s diets due to their composition of bioactive phytochemical compounds. These act as antioxidants that neutralize free radicals, which are related to various pathologies causing negative effects on the health of the host. Raw materials subjected to heat treatments at different temperatures allow the production of safe and stable foods. However, through a systematic review, the present research focused on determining whether heat treatments exert variations in the antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables. The methodology applied in the collected research studies was used to calculate the total antioxidant capacity. It was observed that FRAP, ABTS, ORAC, and DPPH assays were used. Furthermore, the total phenolic content, which is also related to the antioxidant capacity, was calculated and analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results found by several other authors indicate that the majority refers to the thermal treatment that plays a positive role by increasing the antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables. This is due to cell breakdown caused by high temperatures. On the other hand, some results of the authors differed from the above, where, they showed that raw materials, when applied to thermal treatments, reduce the antioxidant capacity due to the inactivation effects of oxidative enzymes. Keywords: fruits, vegetables, trials, antioxidants, total phenols, heat treatment. Resumen Las frutas y hortalizas son una parte fundamental en la dieta de las personas, debido a que presentan en su composición compuestos bioactivos fitoquímicos, mismos que actúan como antioxidantes favoreciendo a neutralizar los radicales libres, que se relacionan con diversas patologías ocasionando efectos negativos en la salud del huésped. Las materias primas sometidas a tratamientos térmicos con diferentes temperaturas, permiten la producción de alimentos seguros y estables. Sin embargo, en la presente investigación me…
creator: A Ramos
creator: L Arboleda
creator: S Ramos
creator: E Mejia
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 87
ending page: 102
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17167

Exploring the Potential and Risks of the Metaverse: An Interdisciplinary Study
type: item
description: The metaverse has been a topic of much discussion and speculation in recent years, particularly within the fields of technology and gaming. This paper defines the metaverse and explores its ontology and model building. The potential impact of the metaverse on various sectors, including tourism and education, is examined, along with the risks that must be considered when using metaverse technologies. The paper stresses the importance of user experience and navigation in immersive virtual tourism, and the need to ensure cybersecurity and privacy. It also highlights the importance of responsible development and deployment of metaverse technologies. Interdisciplinary research, collaboration, and a cautious approach are necessary to understand and minimize the potential risks and ensure user safety. By doing so, the metaverse can offer innovative solutions to challenges in different fields. Keywords: metaverse, ontology, model building, user experience, virtual reality. Resumen El metaverso ha sido un tema de mucha discusión y especulación en los últimos años, particularmente en los campos de la tecnología y los videojuegos. Este artículo define el metaverso, explora su ontología y construcción de modelos. Se examina el impacto potencial del metaverso en varios sectores, incluidos el turismo y la educación, junto con los riesgos que deben tenerse en cuenta al utilizar tecnologías de metaverso. El documento destaca la importancia de la experiencia del usuario y la navegación en el turismo virtual inmersivo y la necesidad de garantizar la ciberseguridad y la privacidad. También destaca la importancia del desarrollo y la implementación responsables de tecnologías de metaverso. La investigación interdisciplinaria, la colaboración y un enfoque cauteloso son necesarios para comprender y minimizar los riesgos potenciales y garantizar la seguridad del usuario. Al hacerlo, el metaverso puede ofrecer soluciones innovadoras a los desafíos en diferentes campos. Palabras Clave: Metav…
creator: Romulo Nayrod Villa Muñoz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 103
ending page: 129
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17168

Machine Learning Application and Cloud Computing-based Monitoring for Production Management in the IPC 200 Industrial Process Simulator
type: item
description: Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the way industrial processes are managed, introducing concepts such as advanced automation, the Internet of Things (IoT), and machine learning into production and process management. This article presents the successful incorporation of two Industry 4.0 enablers into the IPC 200 Industrial Process Simulator, a key tool in the training of students in the Electronics and Automation program at the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH). To achieve this integration, the SCRUM methodology, known for its effectiveness in managing technological projects, was employed to oversee and facilitate the implementation of the enablers, which were machine learning and cloud computing. Machine learning implementation was carried out using the Q-Learning algorithm for process optimization and data-driven decision-making, while for cloud computing, the IoT platform Ubidots was used. This allowed for greater efficiency and flexibility in managing the simulated processes in the IPC 200. The integration of these enablers opened the doors of innovation to the individuals using the simulator, allowing them to acquire new competencies in industrial process management, and preparing them to face the challenges of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, this improvement in the simulator provided a more advanced and realistic learning platform, resulting in more robust and applicable training for modern industrial environments. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Industrial Process Simulator, Node-RED, Ubidots, Q-Learning, SCRUM. Resumen La Industria 4.0 ha revolucionado la manera en que se gestionan los procesos industriales, introduciendo conceptos como la automatización avanzada, el Internet de las Cosas (IoT) y el aprendizaje automático en la producción y la gestión de procesos. En este artículo, presentamos la exitosa incorporación de dos habilitadores de la Industria 4.0 en el Simulador de Procesos Industriales IPC 200, una herramienta clave en la formación de estudia…
creator: I Torres
creator: B Vaca
creator: G Torres
creator: M Duque
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 130
ending page: 145
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17169

Differences in Biomass Accumulation in the Cultivation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) var. Batavia Under Two Greenhouses: Traditional and Heated
type: item
description: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation shows optimal development in soils with clay-loam or sandy-loam textures, under cool and humid climatic conditions. However, crop yield and quality are negatively affected by the debilitating effect due to high temperatures on plant development. This research aimed to evaluate the performance of the lettuce variety var. Batavia in two types of greenhouses (air-conditioned and traditional), located in the Calpi parish, belonging to the Riobamba canton, province of Chimborazo. During all phenological stages of the crop, measurements and evaluations of morphological and climatic variables were carried out every 15 days. The results obtained were subjected to a 5% Student’s T test. The best results were obtained during cultivation in a climate-controlled greenhouse. Compared to traditional greenhouse cultivation, the plant cycle was completed in less time, specifically in 43 days with an average weight of 467 gr, while in the traditional greenhouse, it took 48 days with an average weight of 380 gr. The average height and number of leaves were also higher in the climate-controlled greenhouse, with values of 22.71 cm and a dry matter percentage of 29.87%. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, and it was found that there was a highly significant difference between the means in the two conditions evaluated, with a p-value less than 0.00012. While no significant difference was observed in relation to biometric parameters of the crop versus climatic factors (p-value > 0.05 ns). The results showed a yield of 29.18 t/ha in the air-conditioned greenhouse, whereas in the traditional greenhouse it was 23.76 t/ha, increasing the production and yield of fresh lettuce cultivation by 22.79% in the heated greenhouse compared to the traditional greenhouse. Keywords: temperature, relative humidity, curly lettuce, agronomic behavior, yield. Resumen El cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.), presenta un óptimo desarrollo en suelos…
creator: L I Carguachi Gamboy
creator: J E León
creator: M E Peralta Culcay
creator: A L Suárez Tapia
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 146
ending page: 158
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17170

Computer Attacks and Their Impact on the Security of Servers with Linux Operating System of Local Government Entities
type: item
description: This research aims to determine the incidence of computer attacks on servers with the Linux operating system of local government entities. The study is limited to the decentralized autonomous government (GAD) of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Initially, the most common computer attacks that have affected organizations in recent years were determined using statistical reports from important computer security companies positioned as leaders in Gartner’s magic quadrant. Phishing and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are established as computer attacks under study. Computer attacks are carried out before and after mitigation measures are established. With the help of the information systems risk analysis and management methodology (MAGERIT), the vulnerability, level of impact, and risk computer attacks cause on servers with the Linux operating system are determined. This research aims to serve as a guide to the information technology departments of local governments in implementing mechanisms that safeguard the most important asset of an organization, such as information. Keywords: computer attack, phishing, DDoS, MAGERIT, Linux. Resumen La presente investigación tiene como finalidad determinar la incidencia de los ataques informáticos en los servidores con sistema operativo Linux de entidades de gobierno local. El estudio está delimitado a un gobierno autónomo descentralizado (GAD) de la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Inicialmente se determina los ataques informáticos más comunes que han afectado a las organizaciones en los últimos años haciendo uso de reportes estadísticos de importantes empresas de seguridad informática posicionadas como líderes en el cuadrante mágico de Gartner. Se establece como ataques informáticos objeto de estudio los ataques de phishing y de denegación de servicio distribuido (DDoS). Se realizan ataques informáticos antes y después de establecer las medidas de mitigación y con la ayuda de la metodología de análisis y gestión de riesgos de los sistema…
creator: Francisco Javier Aguilar Feijóo
creator: Diego Fernando Andaluz Espinosa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 159
ending page: 176
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17171

Customizing English Language Teaching to Suit Individual Learning Styles of Students
type: item
description: This article explores the importance of understanding individual learning styles in the context of English language instruction for students. It argues that tailoring instructional methods and materials, to match the learning preferences of each student can enhance their overall learning experience and lead to better outcomes. The article reviews different learning styles and presents strategies for identifying them through assessment tools. It then discusses specific techniques and activities that can be used to target each learning style, including visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile approaches. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of flexibility and creativity in instructional design to meet the diverse needs of students. Keywords: learning styles, English language instruction, individual needs, instructional design, assessment, visual, auditory, kinesthetic
creator: Erich Gonzalo Guamán Condoy
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 177
ending page: 188
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17172

Development of Antibacterial Gels Based on Sodium Alginate and Inclusion Complexes for Packaging Applications in Fruits and Vegetables
type: item
description: Bacterial growth in fruits and vegetables causes a large percentage of the loss and waste of these foods worldwide. For this reason, the objective of this study was to develop antibacterial gels based on sodium alginate, β-cyclodextrin, and allyl isothiocyanate inclusion complexes (β-CD:AITC) for the potential packaging of fresh fruits and vegetables. The β-CD:AITC complexes were prepared by the co-precipitation method with a 1:1 molar ratio, and was further verified by FESEM microscopy. On the other hand, the antibacterial gels were prepared using the external gelation method, and the effect of the order of incorporation of the components, the conditions of the components, and the resting conditions of the dispersions on their visual appearance was evaluated. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the gels against Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua was evaluated using a headspace system. FESEM micrographs showed a crystalline block-like morphology in the inclusion complexes. The order of incorporation (1) glucone-delta-lactone (2) complexes (3) alginate allowed for obtaining more homogeneous gels with a smooth surface. The presence of glucono-delta-lactone, the concentration of 0.05 M CaCl2, a cross-linking time of 20 hr, and the cooling of the dispersion allowed more uniform gels to be obtained. Finally, better antibacterial activity against E. coli was obtained with the gels loaded with 10% β-CD:AITC complexes. According to these results, the developed materials could be used as antimicrobial packaging materials for fresh fruits and vegetables. Keywords: β-cyclodextrin, allyl isothiocyanate, alginate, food packaging, antimicrobial. Resumen El crecimiento bacteriano en frutas y verduras provoca un gran porcentaje de pérdida y desperdicio de estos alimentos a nivel mundial. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar geles antibacterianos a base de alginato de sodio y complejos de inclusión de β-ciclodextrina e isotiocianato de alilo (β-CD:AI…
creator: C Muñoz-Shugulí
creator: C Patiño Vidal
creator: F Rodríguez-Mercado
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 189
ending page: 206
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17173

Spinal Manipulation as a Treatment for Neck Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
type: item
description: Background: Cervical pain is one of the most common pathologies in physiotherapy consultations. Currently, there are countless techniques, protocols, and treatments ranging from conservative to invasive. The intervention includes orthopedic manual therapy techniques in patients who present the pathology. To date, several studies apply spinal manipulation as a treatment option for patients with neck pain; however, its effects on pain and disability are unknown. Methodology: A compilation, selection, and analysis of randomized clinical trials was carried out, and studies showed the effect of this technique on the type and origin of pain in patients with neck pain. Data extraction was formulated in tables, and the methodological quality was determined through the physiotherapy evidence database scale. Results: Thirty studies were included that were classified based on the type and origin of pain. In order to determine the effectiveness, it was applied as the only treatment technique or as part of a multimodal treatment. Conclusions: Spinal manipulation has a greater effect on pain and disability when considered as the only treatment technique in patients with acute pain. However, when applied as part of the multimodal protocol, it proves to be effective in chronic, radicular, mechanical, and nonspecific pain. The high heterogeneity of the studies is a limitation of our findings. Keywords: spinal manipulation, neck pain, cervical vertebral, acute pain, chronic pain. Resumen Antecedentes: El dolor cervical es una de las patologías más comunes presente en la consulta de fisioterapia, en la actualidad existen un sin número de técnicas, protocolos y tratamientos que van desde lo conservador hasta lo invasivo, en la intervención se incluye técnicas de terapia manual ortopédica en pacientes que presentan la patología antes mencionada. Hasta la fecha, existen varios estudios que aplican manipulación espinal como opción de tratamiento para pacientes con dolor cervical, sin emba…
creator: David Marcelo Guevara Hernández
creator: Shirley Mireya Ortiz Pérez
creator: Sonia Alexandra Álvarez Carrión
creator: María Belén Pérez García
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 207
ending page: 227
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17174

Exploring the Effectiveness of Motivational Stories and Videos Shared via Facebook in Enhancing the Writing Skills of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Students
type: item
description: This study analyzes the development of writing skills through the pedagogical use of motivational stories and videos on Facebook. Participants in this study were students from different parts of the country. Particularly, this mixed-methods research aims to determine how these technological tools help students enhance their writing skills at the same time find out students’ perceptions about the use of Facebook. In order to achieve these goals, a Facebook group page was created. The students were then asked to complete different activities, like reading short motivational stories and watching several motivational videos. The intervention lasted for two months. The students’ progress was assessed using rubric for measuring their ability to discover the main idea of the stories and videos, reporting the event sequence, using correct grammar and vocabulary, and summarizing information. A survey was conducted to determine students’ perceptions about the use of Facebook in this particular context. The results show that the pedagogical use of Facebook was positive since it catches students’ attention and helps them develop writing activities collaboratively. Keywords: writing, reading, watching, skill, Facebook, pedagogical. Resumen Este estudio analiza el desarrollo de las habilidades de escritura mediante el uso pedagógico de historias y videos usando Facebook. Este estudio se realizó con estudiantes de diferentes partes del país. Particularmente, el propósito de esta investigación es determinar cómo estas herramientas tecnológicas ayudan a los estudiantes a mejorar su escritura y, correlativamente, conocer las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre el uso de Facebook. Para lograrlo, se creó un grupo en Facebook. Se pidió a los estudiantes que completaran diferentes actividades, como leer historias y ver videos de motivación. La intervención duró dos meses. El progreso de los estudiantes se evaluó con una rúbrica para medir su capacidad para descubrir la idea principal d…
creator: Erich Gonzalo Guamán Condoy
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-09-25
publication date: 2024-09-25
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 228
ending page: 279
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17183

Preparation of Pelleted Feed Plus the Addition of Probiotics for Pigs in the Growth and Fattening Stage
type: item
description: The present research aims to produce a pelleted feed formula for growing and fattening pigs adding probiotics in the Biological and Bromatological Sciences of the Animal Sciences Faculty at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. The length of the research was 60 days, for the research development related to the proximal and physicochemical analysis 12 kg of feeding formula was used, and 64 kg for the microbiological analysis. Three levels of additional probiotics were used in this research (2, 4, and 6%), to be bought with a control treatment. A completely random design was applied with two combinatory arrangement factors; where factor A corresponds to the addiction to the probiotics and the hanger B factor (0, 7, 14, and 21) days. Reporting results for the proximal analysis, which influenced, respectively, within the parameters of humidity, protein, ashes, fat, and fiber, resulting in no significant differences in the phosphorus and calcium levels. The physicochemical analysis did not significantly influence the acidity and pH, which reported significant differences within all the treatments. When determining the hanger life, it was possible to maintain good conditions as the results were maintained under the admitted amounts suggested by the norm in relation to enterobacteria, yeast, and fungi. At the same time, it was managed to obtain lactic acid bacteria, which helped inhibit the growth of pathogenic agents. In conclusion, any type of probiotics can be used. Keywords: Bal, probiotics, pelleted feed, growth-fattening, physicochemical proximal analysismicrobiological. Resumen El presente trabajo se planteó como objetivo elaborar un balanceado peletizado para cerdos en la etapa de crecimiento-engorde más la adición de probióticos en los laboratorios de Ciencias Biológicas y Bromatología de la Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. El tiempo de duración de la investigación fue de 60 días, donde se utilizaron 12 kilos d…
creator: M Godoy-Valdiviezo
creator: J Usca-Méndez L Tello-Flores
creator: L Flores-Mancheno
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 280
ending page: 294
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17810

Elaboration of Nutritional Blocks Based on Sugarcane Bagasse Meal and Fodder Peanuts for Feeding Guinea Pigs in the Growth-fattening Stage
type: item
description: This study aims to prepare nutritional blocks based on sugarcane bagasse flour and fodder peanuts for feeding guinea pigs, during the growth and fattening stages, in the Academic and Research Unit on minor species of the Livestock Sciences Faculty. 80 improved line guinea pigs aged 15 days and an average weight of 0.285 kg were used. Three treatments were used: T1 (10% sugarcane bagasse flour + 10% fodder peanut flour), T2 (20% sugarcane bagasse flour + 20% fodder peanut flour), and T3 (30% sugarcane bagasse flour + 30% fodder peanut flour), to be compared with control treatment. A completely randomized design (D.C.A.) was applied in a combinatorial arrangement of two factors: Factor A is the levels of sugarcane bagasse flour and fodder peanuts, and factor B is the sex of the animals. The nutritional contribution of the treatments was similar, fulfilling all the nutritional requirements required by the animals. The fodder peanut flour presented 16.42% protein, 3.08% ethereal extract, 25.60% fiber, 46.68% E.L.N., and humidity of 12.79%. In comparison, the bagasse flour of sugarcane presented 2.86% protein, 2.16% ethereal extract, 28.36% fiber, 64.30% E.L.N., and humidity of 26.82%. It was concluded that according to the cost-benefit indicator, Q2 and Q3 presented the best profitability of 29.0%. It is recommended to include in the flour and sugarcane bagasse. Keywords: production of guinea pigs, cane bagasse meal, feed peanut meal. Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo elaborar bloques nutricionales a base de harina de bagazo de caña y maní forrajero para la alimentación de cuyes, durante las etapas de crecimiento y engorde, en la Unidad Académica de Especies Menores de la Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias. Se utilizaron 80 cuyes de línea mejorada de 15 días de edad y un peso promedio de 0,285 kg. Se utilizaron tres tratamientos T1 (10 % harina de bagazo de caña + 10 % harina de maní forrajero), T2 (20 % harina de bagazo de caña + 20 % harina de maní forrajero)…
creator: L Núñez-Torres
creator: J Usca-Méndez
creator: H Herrera-Ocaña
creator: L Flores-Mancheno
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 295
ending page: 312
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17811

Fodder Mixture Evaluation for the Feeding of Growing-fattening Guinea Pigs in the Quijos Canton of the Province of Napo
type: item
description: It is known that increasing the productivity of any animal species involved in human nutrition is a permanent challenge to overcome. Consequently, the objective addressed was to evaluate the productive behavior of guinea pigs in the stage of growth-fattening, when forage mixture is used in their daily diet. It was carried out in Bellavista Farm, Santa Lucia de Bermejo, Cosanga Parish located in Quijos in Napo Province. The treatments were: T1(honey grass 25%, blue grass 25%, and concentrated 50%), T2(honey grass 25%, ryegrass 25%, and concentrated 50%), T3 (blue grass 25%, ryegrass 25%, and concentrated 50%) versus control T0 (local weeds). We used 64 guinea pigs, 32 females and 32 males improved line aged 15 days and an average weight of 339.17, using a completely random design in a combinatorial arrangement of two factors: where factor A corresponds to the forage mixture and factor B to the sex of the animals. The results were tabulated for better statistical understanding, and the separation of means was performed using the Tukey’s test with a significance level of 0.05. The results indicate that the use of the forage mixture made up of honey grass and concentrated blue grass, presents higher responses of forage consumption (2371,13 g/MS) and total food consumption (3 669,81g/MS), exceeding the results of the control treatment. In the economic evaluation, it was established that the T2 obtains the highest cost-benefit, with a nominal value of $1.13. It is concluded that no significant differences were observed when evaluating the productive parameters; in the meantime in the variables: weight gain, forage consumption, total food consumption, and food conversion, present highly significant differences. It is recommended to use fodder mixture of blue grass plus honeygrass, as part of a diet, in the stages of gestation and lactation. Keywords: zootechnics, blue grass, honey grass, ryegrass, final weight, feed conversion, total feed consumption. Resumen Se conoce que…
creator: D Tacuri-Lalbay
creator: J Usca-Méndez
creator: H Herrera-Ocaña
creator: L Flores-Mancheno
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 313
ending page: 329
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17814

The Impact of Occupational Safety on Productivity in Ecuadorian Micro-enterprises
type: item
description: Micro-enterprises in Ecuador represent 90.78% of the total number of companies, which are of great importance and make a significant contribution to the country’s economy and employment generation. All companies, regardless of their size and activity, must comply with the laws on occupational health and safety and to apply them in the workplace; however, their application has not been a matter of awareness. It is therefore necessary to implement occupational safety management mechanisms and strategic processes to promote the profitability and productivity of microenterprises. This study aims to analyze the impact of occupational safety on the productivity of microenterprises in Ecuador. They show that the branches of activity in which the greatest number of accidents incurred are: Communal, social, and personal service (24.2%), manufacturing industries (19.3%), wholesale and retail trade (15.9%), agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing (13.9%). It is important to implement an occupational health and safety management model to raise awareness among stakeholders in order to minimize occupational risks and not to negatively impact the profitability and image of workplaces. Keywords: micro-enterprise, accident rate, occupational hazards, safety, productivity. Resumen Las microempresas en Ecuador representan el 90.78% del total de empresas, siendo éstas de gran trascendencia y destacada contribución al país tanto en la economía y generación de empleo. Todas las empresas independientemente de su tamaño y actividad tienen la obligación de cumplir las leyes en materia de seguridad y salud en el trabajo y aplicarlas en el medio laboral, sin embargo, su aplicación no ha resultado un tema de conciencia, desencadenando un alto índice de accidentabilidad y condiciones inadecuadas de trabajo lo que pone en riesgo la integridad y salud de los trabajadores; es entonces necesario implementar mecanismos de gestión de seguridad en el trabajo y procesos estratégicos para promover l…
creator: S Aguiar Novillo
creator: M Enríquez Estrella
creator: L Arboleda Álvarez
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 330
ending page: 338
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17815

Entrepreneurial Guidance and Educational Programs for Young University Students in the City of Riobamba
type: item
description: After the growing economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for entrepreneurial orientation arises in educational programs at universities. Concept that has been incorporated in universities, as a topic of importance in the different careers and training areas today, in the face of the problem of lack of employment and the crisis, it is therefore essential to work on these concepts. The results of the research in university students were: 56% women, 44% men; 58% at the age of 21-24 years; 98% single, 2% cohabiting; 67% students from (ESPOCH) and 33% from (UNACH). In the entrepreneurship orientation variable, three indicators were measured: (i) short-term goals: 75% of students spend on vacations, 93% spend on parties, 58% spend on clothing; 81% spend on food; 95% spend on their vocational training to obtain a university degree. (ii) medium-term economic goals: 62% would invest in financial entities; 63% would be part of the shares of a company. (iii) long-term goals: 48% would buy a vehicle, and 88% would buy a house or an apartment. In the educational programs variable, 74% have a business initiative; 79% have not yet started a business and have not carried out commercial activities; 70% do not have an account in a financial institution to invest in their own business; 56% would take out a loan to start a business, 67% expect employability to obtain their own business. It is concluded that there is a significant relationship between the entrepreneurial orientation variables and the educational programs. Keywords: educational programs, entrepreneurship, education, development, motivation. Resumen Tras la creciente crisis económica ocasionada por la pandemia COVID-19, surge la necesidad de la Orientación emprendedora en los programas educativos en los universitarios. Concepto que se ha incorporado en las Universidades, como tema de transcendencia en las distintas carreras y áreas de formación que hoy en día ante la problemática de falta de empleo y la…
creator: Luz Maribel Vallejo Chávez
creator: Wilian Pilco Mosquera
creator: María Espín Oleas
creator: Patricio Moyano Vallejo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.
date: 2024-12-24
publication date: 2024-12-24
volume: 3
number: 4
starting page: 339
ending page: 353
doi: 10.18502/espoch.v3i4.17816