@article{Mohammad Hosseininejad_Bozorgi_Khodami_Aminiahidashti_Hajizade Juybari_2021, title={The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial}, volume={16}, url={https://knepublishing.com/index.php/SJMS/article/view/9947}, DOI={10.18502/sjms.v16i4.9947}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Background:</strong> Placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) is a routine procedure in the emergency departments, which can be uncomfortable, painful, and cause nausea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous metoclopramide on the ease of NGT insertion, as well as reduction of patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department.</p> <p><strong>Methods<span style="font-weight: normal !msorm;">:</span></strong> In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran Province, Iran were enrolled. Data were collected from December 2015 to March 2016. Participants were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups (placebo and intervention groups). In metoclopramide and placebo groups, 10 mg of metoclopramide and 10 mg of normal saline solution were administered, respectively. All of the NGT was inserted 15–20 mins after the intravenous infusion. Patient-reported pain, discomfort, and nausea were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), at four time points including before (T<sub>0</sub>), immediately (T<sub>1</sub>), 30 min after (T<sub>2</sub>), and 1 hr after the NGT placement (T<sub>3</sub>). The ease of NGT insertion was evaluated as easy, moderate, and difficult to pass.</p> <p><strong>Results<span style="font-weight: normal !msorm;">:</span></strong> None of the patients had pain, nausea, and discomfort in T<sub>0</sub>. Additionally, for those who received intravenous metoclopramide, pain intensity significantly decreased compared with the placebo group in T<sub>1</sub> (37.7 vs 55.0), T<sub>2</sub> (26.2 vs 41.7), and T<sub>3</sub> (20.5 vs 33.7), respectively (<span style="font-style: normal !msorm;"><em>P</em></span> &lt; 0.001). Nausea intensity decreased significantly over time among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T<sub>1</sub> (32.7 vs 43.2), T<sub>2</sub> (19.5 vs 31.2), and T<sub>3</sub> (9.0 vs 21.7), respectively (<span style="font-style: normal !msorm;"><em>P</em></span> &lt; 0.001). The intensity of patients’ discomfort decreased significantly among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T<sub>1</sub> (39.5 vs 54.0), T<sub>2</sub> (28.7 vs 40.2), and T<sub>3</sub> (26.2 vs 39.6), respectively (<span style="font-style: normal !msorm;"><em>P</em></span> &lt; 0.001). Patients in the intervention group had easier placement of NGT compared with the placebo group (Easy: 40.0% vs 0.0%, Moderate: 45.0% vs 62.5%, and Difficult: 15.0% vs 37.5%; <span style="font-style: normal !msorm;"><em>P</em></span> &lt; 0.001).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Based on the results of the present study, it seems that intravenous metoclopramide can be used as a promising modality for improving the ease of NGT placement and reducing patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department.</p&gt;}, number={4}, journal={Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences (SJMS)}, author={Mohammad Hosseininejad, Seyed and Bozorgi, Farzad and Khodami, Asieh and Aminiahidashti, Hamed and Hajizade Juybari, Mohammad}, year={2021}, month={Dec.}, pages={499–508} }