“It is expected …” BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND EVIDENTIALITY

Abstract

The present study is focused on analyzing the uses of some expressions showing expectations in academic texts. A corpus-based study specifically dealing with the uses of the verbs "expect" and "hope",  this project seeks to understand the phenomenon as reflected in C-SMILE (Corpus of State University of Malang Indonesian Learners’ English). Analyzing the corpus of about 6 million words composed of texts of undergraduate theses written in English by Indonesian EFL learners, this study has arrived at an interpretive point that Indonesian cultural norms are influential to the manifestation of the expressions. The expressions reflect some degree of the writers’ religiosity. This unfortunately also suggests a lacking point of evidentiality in academic written works.

 

Keywords: C-SMILE, corpus linguistics, EFL

References
[1] A. Ädel and U. Römer, “Research on advanced student writing across disciplines and levels: Introducing the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers,” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 3–34, 2012.


[2] L. Anthony, “Introducing corpora and corpus tools into the technical writing classroom through Data-Driven Learning,” Discipline specific writing, Routledge, Abingdon, UK, 2016.


[3] Y. Basthomi, “Interlanguage discourse of thesis acknowledgements section: Examining the terms of address,” Philippine Journal of Linguistics, vol. 39, pp. 55–66, 2008.


[4] Y. Basthomi, Examining spaces in Doctoral prospectuses [Doctoral, thesis], 2009.


[5] Y. Basthomi, “Ambivalences: Voices of Indonesian academic discourse gatekeepers,” English Language Teaching, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 17–24, 2012.


[6] Y. Basthomi, “Curriculum vitae: A Discourse of celebration with narcissistic allusions,” TEFLIN Journal, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 27, 2012.


[7] Y. Basthomi, “Observation, conviction, passion: Personal situated professional concerns in applied linguistics,” Theory and Practice in Language Studies, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 931–937, 2012.


[8] Y. Basthomi, L. T. Wijayanti, N. Yannuar, and U. Widiati, “Third person point of view in EFL academic writing: Ventriloquizing,” Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1099–1114, 2015.


[9] T. Donahue, “Genre and disciplinary work in French didactics research,” in Genre in a Changing World, C. Bazerman, A. Bonini, D. Figueiredo, and D. Figueiredo, Eds., pp. 424–441, West, Lafayette, 2009.


[10] P. Durrant, “Corpus frequency and second language learners’ knowledge of collocations: A meta-analysis,” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 443–477, 2014.


[11] N. Harwood, “’Nowhere has anyone attempted ... In this article I aim to do just that’ A corpus-based study of self-promotional I and we in academic writing across four disciplines,” Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1207–1231, 2005.


[12] K. Hyland, “Humble servants of the discipline? Self-mention in research articles,” English for Specific Purposes, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 207–226, 2001.


[13] K. Hyland, “Authority and invisibility: Authorial identity in academic writing,” Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1091–1112, 2002.


[14] K. Hyland, “Options of identity in academic writing,” ELT Journal, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 351–358, 2002.


[15] N. Jankowski and K. Grąbczewski, “Universal Meta-Learning Architecture and Algorithms,” in Meta-Learning in Computational Intelligence, vol. 358 of Studies in Computational Intelligence, pp. 1–76, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.


[16] S. Johansson, “Some thoughts on corpora and second-language acquisition,” in Corpora and Language Teaching, vol. 33 of Studies in Corpus Linguistics, pp. 33–44, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2009.


[17] A. E. Kadarisman, Mengurai bahasa, menyibak budaya: Bunga rampai lnguistik, puitika, dan pengajaran bahasa, Malang, Penerbit Universitas Negeri Malang, Bunga rampai lnguistik, 2009.


[18] I. A. Martínez, “Native and non-native writers’ use of first person pronouns in the different sections of biology research articles in English,” Journal of Second Language Writing, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 174–190, 2005.


[19] J. McCrostie, “Writer visibility in EFL learner academic writing: A corpus based study,” ICAME Journal, vol. 32, pp. 97–114, 2008.


[20] J. L. McIntosh, Thirdspace professional development as effective response to the contested spaces of computers and writing [Ph.D. thesis], The University of Nebraska Ph.D. Dissertation, Ann Arbor, 2012.


[21] S. Murillo, “The use of reformulation markers in Business Management research articles: An intercultural analysis,” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 64–90, 2012.


[22] D. Nam, Productive vocabulary knowledge and evaluation of ESL writing in corpusbased language learning [Ph.D. thesis], UMI, Ann Arbor, 2010.


[23] J. Parkinson, “Representing own and other voices in social science research articles,” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 199–228, 2013.


[24] A. Rakhmawati, A comparison of Indonesian and English research articles written by Indonesian academics: Integrating perspectives on genre and rhetorical diversity [Ph.D. thesis], University New England, Armidale, 2014.


[25] T. Rankin and B. Schiftner, “Marginal prepositions in learner English: Applying local corpus data,” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 412–434, 2011.


[26] U. Römer, “Corpus research and practice: What help do teachers need and what can we offer?” in Corpora and Language Teaching, vol. 33 of Studies in Corpus Linguistics, pp. 83–98, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2009.


[27] I. Salichah, E. Irawati, and Y. Basthomi, Hedges and Boosters in Undergraduate Students Research Articles. Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 154–160, 2015.


[28] D. Susanto, “Codeswitching in Islamic Religious Discourse: the Role of Insha’ Allah. Religion and Science,” International Journal of Interdisciplinary Inquiry, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 217–248.


[29] J. M. Swales, “Worlds of genreMetaphors of genre,” in Genre in a Changing World, C. Bazerman, A. Bonini, D. Figueiredo, and D. Figueiredo, Eds., p. 16, West, Lafayette, 2009.


[30] J. M. Swales, Research Genres, vol. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004.


[31] J. M. Swales, Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.


[32] O. Tsarykovska, Balancing Native and New Languages and Cultures: An Ethnographic Case Study of a Trilingual/Literate Elementary School Student [Ph.D. thesis], Purdue University, Ph.D. Dissertation, Ann Arbor: UMI, 2011.


[33] M.-Y. Tseng, “The genre of research grant proposals: Towards a cognitivepragmatic analysis,” Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 2254–2268, 2011.



[34] L. T. Wijayanti and U. Widiati, (2013). Author self-references: Authorial Voice. In Miftahul Huda and Ahmad Ghozi (Eds.), Proceeding of The 1st International English Linguistics and Literature (ELITE) Conference (p. 206-214). Malang: Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University.