Implementing Holistic Criticism Model Based On Multicultural Approach In Art Appreciation Subject
Abstract
The practices in our teaching and learning setting suggests that art appreciation subject at school does not emphasize on exploring visual art forms and relevant critics on them as most teachers only present information about the artwork. Such teaching and learning activity cannot effectively improve students’ understanding, awareness, and sensitivity towards the cultural diversity that Indonesia owns. In response to this issue, the researcher conducts a research and development study to apply holistic criticism model in teaching art appreciation. The research begins with a preliminary study as a need and content analysis that consists of several stages: (1) identifying the difficulties that teachers face in developing art appreciation subject, (2) exploring relevant references, expert’s testimony, and FGD followed by a collaborative work with teachers in the field to decide the conceptual structure to implement holistic criticism model based on multicultural approach in art appreciation. The results show that: (1) the level of difficulty or the problems that hinder the teachers to develop and implement art appreciation subject is quite complex, (2) as an output of the study, the researcher produces a guidebook, a student book, and a worksheet that contain the conceptual structure of holistic criticism model based on multicultural approach.
Keywords: holistic approach, multicultural, art appreciation.
References
[1] J. D. Andrew, “The major film theories,” N. Y., Oxford, 1976.
[2] C. S. Bangun, Art Criticism, 2001.
[3] W. R. Borg and M. D. Gall, 1979, Longman Inc., Education Research.[4] L. H. Chapman, Approaches to art in education, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, New York, 1978.
[5] Depdiknas, Contextual Approach, Dirjen Dikdasmen, Jakarta, 2002.
[6] G. Dickie, United States of America: the Bobbs, Merill Company, Inc, United States of America: the Bobbs, 1979.
[7] E. B. Feldman, Art as image and idea, Prentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1967.
[8] R. M. Gegne and W. W, Principle of instructional design, Holt. Reinhard & Waston, New York, 1992.
[9] A. Hurwitz and S. S. Madedja, The joyous vision: A source book for elementary art appreciation. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, Inc, New Jersey, 1977.
[10] S. D. Kartika, (2007). Art Criticism. Bandung: Rekayasa Sains.
[11] S. McKenney, Computer-based support for science education materials developers in Africa: Exploring potensials. Doctoral dissertation, Twente [Doctoral, thesis], University of Twente, Twente, 2001.
[12] G. A. Mittler, (1981), Learning to look/looking to learn: A proposed approach to art appreciation at the secondary school level. In George W. Hardiman and Theodore Zernich (Eds.), Foundations for curriculum development and evaluation in art education (pp 463-474). Uebana Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company.
[13] Read. Herbert, Art and society, Schocken Books, New York, 1974.
[14] Salam., “Tracing the Purpose of Art Education at School,” in Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, vol. 9, 2003, Januari, 2003.
[15] R. A. Smith, “Aesthetic critism: The method of aesthetic education,” in Concepts in art and education: An anthropology of current issue, Pappas and George, Eds., The Macmillan Company, London, 1970.
[16] S. Sumartono, “Visual Pollution in the Context of Conflicting Design Requirements,” ITB Journal of Visual Art and Design, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 187–196, 2009.
[17] A. J. Soehardjo, “Art education from concept to program., Malang,” Jurusan Seni dan Desain FS-UM, 2005.
[18] H. Sutopo, A model of art criricism for teaching appreciation of Javanese traditional art in Indonesia. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation [Doctoral, thesis], Florida: The Florida State University, 1987.
[19] H. Sutopo, (1990). Structure of holistic critique: An introduction to open and flexible art criticism. Paper presented in Seminar dan Lokakarya Penelitian Kualitatif Masalah-Masalah Kesenian di Jurusan PSRK-FPBS-IKIP Surabaya, 22-23 January 1990.
[20] H. A. R, Multiculturalism, The Future Global Challenges of the Future in Education Transformation, Grasindo, Jakarta, 2004.