The Phylogenetic Study of the White-Bellied Sea Eagle [Haliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin, 1788)] Based on DNA Barcoding Cytochrome-c Oxidase Subunit I (COI)
Abstract
Even though not yet considered as endangered, White-bellied Sea Eagle’s global population is decreasing due to illegal hunting, bird trading, and deforestation. So far, there hasn’t been any report regarding the phylogenetic study of the White-bellied Sea Eagle inhabiting the coastal regions of Java. Moreover, there hasn’t been any report on the genetic data, especially COI gene, of the White-bellied Sea Eagle living in coastal area of Java. Thus, in this research, two individuals of Heliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin, 1788); are compared based on its COI gene sequence to the member of genus Haliaeetus to determine their position in the phylogenetic tree of genus Haliaeetus. COI gene amplification is performed using Forward primer BirdF1 5’- TTC TCC AAC CAC AAA GAC ATT GGC AC-3’ and Reverse primer BirdR2 5’ ACT ACA TGT GAG ATG ATT CCG AAT-3’. The phylogenetic analysis using MEGA6 with Maximum Likelihood method shows that Haliaeetus leucogaster in this study is related to Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766), Haliaeetus pelagicus (Pallas, 1811), and Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758).
Keywords: phylogenetic study; Heliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin, 1788); DNA barcoding, Cytochrome-c Oxidase Subunit I (COI).
References
[1] LA. Romin and JA. Muck, “Guidelines for raptor protection from human and land use disturbances.US Fish and Wildlife Service,” in Muck JA. Guidelines for raptor protection from human and land use disturbances.US Fish and Wildlife Service, p. 10, UT, Salt Lake City, 1999.
[2] J. M. Shephard, C. P. Catterall, and J. M. Hughes, “Long-term variation in the distribution of the White-bellied Sea-Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) across Australia,” Austral Ecology, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 131–145, 2005.
[3] R. Retnaningtyas Wiyanti, W. Hermadhiyanti, DA. Rahayu, and D. Listyorini, “The identification of the White-Bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) based on morphological characteristics,” in The 3rd International Conference on Biological Science, 2013., KnE Life Sciences, P. Rarastoeti, AST. Woro, RN. Tri, NM. Siti, and R.
Ganies A, Eds., vol. 2, pp. 588–591, 2015.
[4] J. M. Shephard, J. M. Hughes, C. P. Catterall, and P. D. Olsen, “Conservation status of the White-Bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster in Australia determined using mtDNA control region sequence data,” Conservation Genetics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 413– 429, 2005.
[5] S. J. S. Debus, “Biology and diet of the White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster breeding in northern inland New South Wales,” Australian Field Ornithology, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 165–193, 2008.
[6] J. Ferguson-Lees and DA. Christie, Raptors of the world, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,New York, 2001.
[7] BirdLife. International, “Species factsheet: Haliaeetus leucogaster. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,” [Internet]Accessed, 2015, http://www.birdlife.org.
[8] P. D. N. Hebert and T. R. Gregory, “The promise of DNA barcoding for taxonomy,” Systematic Biology, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 852–859, 2005.
[9] P. D. Hebert, A. Cywinska, S. L. Ball, and J. R. deWaard, “Biological identifications through DNA barcodes,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 270, no. 1512, pp. 313–321, 2003.
[10] T. R. Gregory, “Understanding Evolutionary Trees,” Evolution: Education and Outreach, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 121–137, 2008.
[11] P. D. N. Hebert, M. Y. Stoeckle, T. S. Zemlak, and C. M. Francis, “Identification of birds
through DNA barcodes,” PLoS Biology, vol. 2, no. 10, 2004.