Skeletal Malformation on Balb-C Foetal Mice (Mus musculus) Administered by Immature Pineapple Fruits Extract
Abstract
Nutrients for pregnant woman affect the development of foetus in the womb. Pineapple has bromelain enzyme which benefit in medicinal uses, but it can be considered as teratogenic agents due to its proteolytic activities. The period of organogenesis is the critical period in foetal development. Examination of foetal anatomy is still a fundamental part of teratological studies despites of modern molecular techniques. Molecular techniques can be done by conducting the skeletal proteome analysis to evaluate the teratogenic effects on the foetal skeleton. This research was performed to examine the effect of immature pineapple fruits extract on the occurrence of skeletal malformation and identify the protein profiles of skeleton on Balb-C foetal mice. Pregnant mice were administered by immature pineapple fruits extract orally by gavage with doses 0 %, 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % at day 6 d to 15 d of gestation. Skeletal malformation observed after Alizarin red-Alcian blue staining, and SDS-PAGE was conducted to identify the protein profiles of foetal skeleton. Immature pineapple fruits extract caused the decreasing of weight and length of litter, causing hemorrhage, ossification retardation on sternebra, metacarpal, metatarsal, caudal vertebrae, undulated costae and asymmetric sternebra. Protein profiling analysis showed that skeletal proteins at molecular weight of 32 kDa, 35 kDa, 42 kDa and 49 kDa did not found in foetal mice administered by immature pineapple fruits extract.
Keywords: bromelain; immature pineapple fruits; skeletal malformation; skeletal proteome analysis.
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