The Effect of Virtual Reality on Rehabilitation Post Stroke Patients: An Integrative Review
Abstract
Background:Post stroke patients need to be rehabilitated to improve their body functions to performed daily activity. Mostly conventional rehabilitative therapies were monotonous which may decrease patient’s motivation due to repetitive and simple movements. Virtual reality intervention as technology based therapy showing a promises approach that could be applied in stroke rehabilitation.
Objective:This literature review aimed to identify various virtual reality interventions and its effectiveness for rehabilitation stroke patients.
Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted to search the publication in the data base of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL and Pubmed in period during 2009 to 2019. The inclusion criteria were randomized control trial, studies that used virtual reality in rehabilitation patients with stroke; free full text articles, and used English language. The exclusion criteria was pilot study. Finally a total of 13 relevant studies includedinanalysis.
Results: All of the articles were randomized control trials published in 2018 or later. The sample size were adults or elderly varied from 20-80 years old with stroke. The sample size varied from 20 to 121 respondents. Nintendo Wii was the mostcommonusedasVRintervention.
Conclusions:This review shows evidences that suggested the effectiveness of virtual reality intervention in rehabilitation patients with stroke. Most studies supportthe beneficial effects of VR on upper limb motor recovery. Other studies reported the improvement in balance, walking, lower extremity muscle activation, visual perception, brain activity and activity daily living in stroke patients.
References
[1] Feigin,V.L.,Abajobir,A.A.,Abate,K.H.,Abd-Allah,F.,Abdulle,A.M.,Abera,S.F.,...&Aichour,M.T.E. (2017).Global,regional,andnationalburdenofneurologicaldisordersduring1990–2015:Asystematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet Neurology, 16(11), 877-897.
[2] Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Basic Health Research 2018. Retrieved from www. depkes.go.id/resources/download/info.../hasil-riskesdas-2018.pdf Barclay-Goddard, R. E., Stevenson, T. J., Poluha, W., Moffatt, M., & Taback, S. P. (2004). Force platform feedback for standing balance training after stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,(4).
[3] Saposnik, G., Teasell, R., Mamdani, M., Hall, J., McIlroy, W., Cheung, D.,... & Bayley, M. (2010). Effectiveness of virtual reality using Wii gaming technology in stroke rehabilitation: A pilot randomized clinical trial and proof of principle. Stroke, 41(7), 1477-1484.
[4] Kelly-Hayes, M., Beiser, A., Kase, C. S., Scaramucci, A., D’Agostino, R. B., & Wolf, P. A. (2003). The influenceofgenderandageondisabilityfollowingischemicstroke:TheFraminghamstudy.Journalof Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 12(3), 119-126.
[5] Crosbie,J.H.,Lennon,S.,McGoldrick,M.C.,McNeill,M.D.J.,&McDonough,S.M.(2012).Virtualreality in the rehabilitation of the arm after hemiplegic stroke: A randomized controlled pilot study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 26(9), 798-806.
[6] Flynn,S.,Palma,P.,&Bender,A.(2007).FeasibilityofusingtheSonyPlayStation2gamingplatformfor an individual poststroke: A case report. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 31(4), 180-189.
[7] Sampson, M., Shau, Y. W., & James king, M. (2012). Bilateral upper limb trainer with virtual reality for post-stroke rehabilitation: case series report. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 7(1), 55-62.
[8] Bang, Y. S., Son, K. H., & Kim, H. J. (2016). Effects of virtual reality training using Nintendo Wii and treadmill walking exercise on balance and walking for stroke patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(11), 3112-3115.
[9] bin Song, G., & cho Park, E. (2015). Effect of virtual reality games on stroke patients’ balance, gait, depression, and interpersonal relationships. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(7), 2057-2060.
[10] Lee,H.Y.,Kim,Y.L.,&Lee,S.M.(2015).Effectsofvirtualreality-basedtrainingandtask-orientedtraining on balance performance in stroke patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(6), 1883-1888.
[11] Cho, K., Yu, J., & Jung, J. (2012). Effects of virtual reality-based rehabilitation on upper extremity function and visual perceptionin stroke patients:A randomized controltrial.JournalofPhysicalTherapy Science, 24(11), 1205-1208.
[12] Lee,S.,Kim,Y.,&Lee,B.H.(2016).EffectofVirtualReality-basedBilateralUpperExtremityTrainingon Upper Extremity Function after Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Occupational Therapy International, 23(4), 357-368.
[13] LexicoDictionaries.(2019).DefinitionofvirtualrealityinEnglishbyLexicoDictionaries.[online]Available at: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/virtual_reality [Accessed 17 Aug. 2019].
[14] Howard, M. C. (2017). A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of virtual reality rehabilitation programs. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 317-327.
[15] Hatem, S. M., Saussez, G., della Faille, M., Prist, V., Zhang, X., Dispa, D., & Bleyenheuft, Y. (2016). Rehabilitation of motor function after stroke: A multiple systematic review focused on techniques to stimulate upper extremity recovery. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 442.
[16] Brochard, S., Robertson, J., Medee, B., & Remy-Neris, O. (2010). What’s new in new technologies for upper extremity rehabilitation?. Current Opinion in Neurology, 23(6), 683-687.
[17] Tripette, J., Murakami, H., Ryan, K. R., Ohta, Y., & Miyachi, M. (2017). The contribution of Nintendo Wii Fit series in the field of health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ, 5, e3600.
[18] Saposnik, G., Cohen, L. G., Mamdani, M., Pooyania, S., Ploughman, M., Cheung, D.,... & Nilanont, Y. (2016). Efficacy and safety of non-immersive virtual reality exercising in stroke rehabilitation (EVREST): A randomised, multicentre, single-blind, controlled trial. The Lancet Neurology, 15(10), 1019-1027.
[19] Subramanian, S. K., & Levin, M. F. (2011). Viewing medium affects arm motor performance in 3D virtual environments. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 8(1), 36.
[20] Kim, B. R., Chun, M. H., Kim, L. S., & Park, J. Y. (2011). Effect of virtual reality on cognition in stroke patients. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 35(4), 450.
[21] Shin,J.H.,Kim,M.Y.,Lee,J.Y.,Jeon,Y.J.,Kim,S.,Lee,S.,...&Choi,Y.(2016).Effectsofvirtualrealitybasedrehabilitationondistalupperextremityfunctionandhealth-related quality of life:asingle-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 17.
[22] Santisteban,L.,Térémetz,M.,Bleton,J.P.,Baron,J.C.,Maier,M.A.,&Lindberg,P.G.(2016).Upper limb outcome measures use dinstrok erehabilitation studies:Asystematic literature review.PloSOne,11(5), e0154792.
[23] Sullivan,K.J.,Tilson,J.K.,Cen,S.Y.,Rose,D.K.,Hershberg,J.,Correa,A.,...&Duncan,P.W.(2011).FuglMeyer assessment of sensorimotor function after stroke: standardized training procedure for clinical practice and clinical trials. Stroke, 42(2), 427-432.