CORAL REEF CONDITION AND HARD CORAL (<i>SCLERACTINIA</i>) COMUNITY IN LOCAL MARINE CONSERVATION AREA, BENGKAYANG, WEST KALIMANTAN
Abstract
Coral reef ecosystem has diverse shape and stunning beauty. It has high value on both ecological and economical aspect it has productivity greater than other marine life. Local Marine Conservation Area, Bengkayang, West Kalimantan (Lemukutan island, Penata Besar island, Penata Kecil island, Seluas island, Rahdayan island) has a high potential on coastal and marine natural resources especially coral reefs ecosystem. The study was purposed to determine the condition coral reef ecosystem and the diversity of hard corals (Scleractinia). Samples have been taking from 5-7 meters depth in every point using Line Intercept Transect method (LIT). The observation result from the coral reef in Local Marine Conservation Area showed as the followings varies from bad to good (13.82 – 69.00%), but biotic components were found in each area that consist of sediment with percentage of 4.32-37.68% and the rock of 2.57- 38.22%. Hard coral community consists of 35 species including seven families. Genus Acropora as hard coral species is dominating the five islands. The damage of coral reefs that occurs in most of the study area is due to increased suspended material (sediments).
Keywords: Coral reefs, Scleractinia, Acropora, LIT, Local Marine Conservation Area, Bengkayang, West Kalimantan.
References
Barnes, R. D. and E.E. Rupert. 1997. Invertebrata zoology 6th edition. Sanders college publisihing. Fort Wort.
Burke L., E. Selig, and M. Spalding. 2001. Terumbu Karang Yang Terancam Di Asia Tenggara (Ringkasan untuk Indonesia). World Resources Institute. Amerika Serikat.
Castro, P. and M.E. Huber. 2000. Marine Biology 3rd edition. McGraw Hill Book Company. Boston.
Dahuri, R. 2003. Keanekragaman Hayati Laut. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. 2005. Master PlanKawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah (Laporan Akhir) Kabupaten Bengkayang (Buku 1: Pengelolaan KKLD), Pontianak.12
English, S., C. Wilkinson and V. Baker. 1994. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. Australian Institut of Marine Sciences. Townsville.
Gomez, E.D. dan H.T. Yap. 1988. Monitoring Reef Condition dalam Coral Reef Management Handbook, 2nd edition. UNESCO Regional Office for Science and Technology for South Asia. Jakarta.
Johan, O. 2003. Karakteristik Biologi Karang. Makalah Training Course. Yayasan Terangi. Jakarta.
Nontji, A. 1984. Peranan zooxanthellae dalam ekosistem Terumbu karang. Oseana. Volume IX nomor 3.
Nybakken, J.W. and M.P.Bertness. 2005. Marine biology an ecological approach 6thed. San Francisco : Person Education.
Odum, E.P. 1993. Dasar-dasar Ekologi. Terjemahan Tjahjono Samingan. Edisi Ketiga. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Phongsuwan, N. and H. Chansang. 1992. Assessment of Coral Communities in the Andaman Sea (Thailand). Proceedings of the 7th Coral Reef Symposium, Guam. pp : 114-121
Sudiono, G. 2008. Analisis pengelolaan terumbu karang pada kawasan konservasi laut daerah (KKLD) pulau randayan dan sekitarnya Kabupaten bengkayang provinsi kalimantan barat. Thesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana Program Magister Ilmu Lingkungan. Universitas Diponegoro.
Suharsono, 2008. Jenis-Jenis Karang di Indonesia. Jakarta: Coremap Program LIPI.
Sukmara, A., A.J. Siahainenia & C. Rotinsulu. 2002. Panduan Pemantauan Terumbu Karang Berbasis Masyarakat dengan Metode Manta Tow.
Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan & Coastal Resources Center University of Rhode Island, Jakarta.
Timotius, S. 2003. Biologi Terumbu Karang. Makalah Training Course. Yayasan Terangi. Jakarta.
Tomascik, T.,A.J. Mah, A. Notji, and M.K. Moosa. 1997. The ecology of Indonesian seas part I. Periplus edition.
Veron, J.E.N. 2000. Corals of The World, vol 1, 2, 3. The Australian Institute of Marine Science. Queensland.