KnE Social Sciences

The Development of a Stimulation Guidebook for Children With Special Needs

Retno Firdiyanti — 2025-03-27

Parents of children with special needs must be actively involved in their child’s developmental process by providing stimulation at home. A lack of stimulation can hamper the child’s brain development and impact the development of their fine motor skills, gross motor skills, language, and social skills. To help parents, the author designed a stimulation guidebook for the parents of children with special needs. However, it is necessary to review the process of this book regarding the suitability of activities with the basic theory designed to stimulate each particular aspect and perform a validation test. This research was R&D to validate the contents of this guidebook. The research results showed that of the 18 activities with 48 assessment items, 33 items were in the quite valid category and 15 in the very valid category. The activities in this book obtained an average Aiken’s V coefficient of 0.8, which was declared very valid. As for the benefits of this research, it can become a reference source supporting the field of education. Meanwhile, this book can be used by parents, teachers, therapists, and psychologists as a medium for stimulation when providing care and therapy to children with special needs.

The Effectiveness of a Professional Learning Program in Enhancing Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Pramesti Pradna Paramita — 2025-03-27

Given the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is crucial to raise public awareness and understanding of autism. Education about autism helps create a more inclusive environment where individuals with ASD can thrive. This includes understanding their unique strengths, challenges, and needs, as well as promoting acceptance and accommodating their differences. This study examined the effectiveness of a professional learning program to improve participants’ knowledge about autism. The program covered topics about ASD and its characteristics, an overview of TEACCH, and autism planning matrix. Held over two weeks, the program included a three-day workshop, field observation, and a visit to a disability support unit, thus providing a combination of didactic training, field experience, and mentoring. Participants of the program were 15 psychology students in a university in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered before and after the program. A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare participants’ knowledge of autism before and after the professional learning program. There was a significant difference in the scores before (M=59.5, SD=8.6) and after (M=77.3, SD=9.25) the program; t (14)=6.04, p<0.001, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d=1.56). These results suggested that the professional learning program was effective in increasing participants’ knowledge of autism. In the future, such programs may be offered to a broader range of participants to promote autism awareness and develop a more inclusive society.

Promoting Autism Acceptance Through “Understanding Friends on the Autism Spectrum” Webinar for University Students

Tsuraya Mutiara Larashati — 2025-03-27

With the rising prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), more students with ASD are being educated at the university level in Indonesia. In order to create an inclusive and supportive educational environment, it is crucial to promote autism acceptance among their peers. Autism acceptance promotes understanding and respect for neurodiversity, helping to combat the stigma and discrimination that autistic individuals may face in academic and social settings. This study described university students’ knowledge and perception of ASD after participating in the “Understanding Friends on the Autism Spectrum” webinar. The 2-hour webinar discussed two main topics: getting to know more about ASD and optimizing support for individuals with ASD. Data were gathered from 80 student participants responding to post-event survey questions. The result indicated that the participants had an increased knowledge and acceptance of ASD after the webinar. The practical implications of this study will be discussed.

Cues-Pause-Point Method to Decrease Immediate Echolalia In Adolescents With Autism

Dina Nastiti — 2025-03-27

Adolescents with autism who show immediate echolalia may experience a communication disorder that increases the likelihood of social failure. This study aims to decrease immediate echolalia in adolescents with autistic spectrum disorder using the Cues-Pause-Point method. This experiment uses multiple baseline designs across content. The participants were 18-year-old and 19-year-old adolescents with autism who were given verbal questions from three content areas: identification, interaction, and facts. The Cues-Pause-Point method was designed to (a) to encourage the participants to remain quiet before, during, and after the presentation of the question and (b) to teach the participants to use environmental cues, which are response cards placed on the table. Their responses were noted and scored by two observers. The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive visual analysis and showed a decrease in the participants’ echolalia percentage. The results show a trend line decrease of immediate echolalia after all subjects get Cues-Pause-Point treatment.

Accuracy of the Indonesian Childhood Autism Rating Scale Second Edition (CARS-2) as a Diagnosis Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Achmad Sholeh — 2025-03-27

This study examined the diagnostic accuracy of the Indonesian Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition, Standard Version (ID-CARS2-ST) in identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and differentiating it from other neurodevelopmental disorders. The ID-CARS2-ST can be used to develop diagnostic hypotheses and design intervention plans for children with ASD, complementing clinical judgment based on the DSM criteria. This study involved a total of 50 subjects in our clinic, consisting of 25 children diagnosed with ASD and 25 children with other neurodevelopmental disorders. We conducted reliability tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the ID-CARS2-ST to determine the optimal standard cutoff point for diagnosing ASD in children. Cronbach’s alpha reliability yielded a result of Ω = 0.937. The optimal ID-CARS2-ST cutoff score was 30, with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 88% (AUC = 0.927, P<0.001; Youden’s J = 0.84). Our findings are exciting, and a score of 30 is the same as the original cut-off of the CARS2-ST in identifying ASD.

Application of PAI Teacher Strategies in Learning Prayer Practices of SLB Students

Ummah Karimah — 2025-03-27

Visually impaired students face limitations in their daily lives, including in the learning process. Therefore, teachers need strategies to provide understanding in lessons that emphasize physical movements, such as the practice of prayer (salat). This research aims to understand the strategies used by Islamic Education (PAI) teachers in teaching prayer practice at SLB-A (Special School for the Blind) in Lebak Bulus, South Jakarta. It employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, obtaining data through interviews with the deputy head of the curriculum, PAI teachers, and visually impaired students. Prayer practice lessons and the interactions between the teacher and related parties were also observed and documented. The results show that the strategies used by PAI teachers in teaching prayer practice at SLB-A involved completing administrative tasks and preparing key discussion points before class, considering the scope of the material. During the implementation, the teacher delivered the material through lectures and question-and-answer sessions, followed by practice. A distinctive feature of the strategy used in this study is the involvement of the parents of visually impaired students in the learning process through religious activities. The assessment was based on specific criteria, such as fluency in recitation, prayer movements, and the level of independence in performing the prayer. This research is important for school leaders and teachers in special schools, as it offers strategies for teaching Islamic education to students with special needs.

Test of Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2) for Motor Skills in ADHD with Speech Delay

Ahmad Syahru Mubarok Harisman — 2025-03-27

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent mental health condition in children, often accompanied by multiple concurrent disorders. This study explores the effectiveness of the Test of Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2) in improving motor skills among children with ADHD and Speech Delay. Using a single-subject A research design, we evaluated six core motor skills outlined by TGMD-2: Running, Galloping, Hopping, Leaping, Horizontal Jumping, and Sliding. Our findings reveal that TGMD-2 exercises a positive influence on motor skill proficiency in children with ADHD and Speech Delay. The study confirms that TGMD-2 can significantly enhance motor skills in children with ADHD and Speech Delay, which may contribute to better academic performance and social integration. Clinicians should integrate TGMD-2 in early interventions, while policymakers advocate for supporting resources. Future research must explore the long-term impact of motor skill development on cognitive, social outcomes, and underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

Becoming an Effective Shadow Teacher: Characteristics, Skills, and Strategies

Nurul Aiyuda — 2025-03-27

Shadow teachers, or additional educators, play a crucial role in inclusive education by supporting students with special needs. This study explores the characteristics, skills, and strategies required for shadow teachers to be effective educators. A literature review was conducted, searching relevant databases with keywords such as “effective shadow teacher,” “good shadow teacher,” and “strategic shadow teacher.” The search was broadened with terms like “special needs” and “inclusive,” identifying 10 articles published between 2014 and 2024. The analyzed articles highlight several essential attributes for shadow teachers, including patience, empathy, and a commitment to ongoing learning. Critical skills identified include effective communication, behaviour management, and adapting teaching methods to students’ learning styles. Effective practice involves providing personalized support, using positive reinforcement, and regularly assessing and adjusting teaching methods to meet each student’s progress and unique needs. This review offers practical recommendations for educators and policymakers to improve support systems in inclusive education.

Systematic Review: Academic Buoyancy Interventions for Children With Special Needs in Inclusion School

Rara Eka Putri — 2025-03-27

Academic buoyancy refers to students’ ability to cope with academic challenges and remain engaged in learning despite difficulties. Academic buoyancy relates to students’ ability to face and overcome daily academic challenges in inclusive schools for children with special needs, and improving academic buoyancy is essential to support their academic success. Effective interventions can help these students manage academic stress and improve their resilience. This review found that several interventions that can improve the academic buoyancy of students with special needs are the effectiveness of social skills training, cognitive-behavioral approaches, and teacher-led interventions are common problems. It has been proven that these interventions improve students’ resilience, problem-solving skills, and academic engagement. This study uses a literature review method with the search engines Open Knowledge, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Publish, or Perish. The criteria used are articles in English or Indonesian that discuss the same research topic and subject and were published from 2010 to 2024.

Altruism in Children with Special Needs: A Systematic Literature Review

Ratna Sari — 2025-03-27

This research conducts a systematic review of the development in the study of altruism in children with special needs over the past ten years. Altruism as an important aspect of social development has a significant impact on social integration and the well-being of children. This review evaluates the current literature, highlighting innovative methodologies, theories, and significant findings that can guide future practices and interventions. Through a comprehensive search in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO, this review identifies a number of studies that introduce advanced technologies, such as eye tracking, as well as broader contextual approaches in studying altruism in children with various types of special needs. The results indicate that environmental factors and social support play a significant role in facilitating altruistic behavior in children with special needs.

Evaluating the Impact of Mental Health Literacy on Inclusive Policy Development for Children with Special Needs: A Systematic Literature Review

Nur Aurellya Amanda Candra — 2025-03-27

This study aims to explore and synthesize the role of mental health literacy (MHL) in the development of policies that support the mental health of children with special needs. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was used by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review guidelines and filter by year. Literature searches were conducted on integrated databases, including Elsevier Scholar, Science Direct, Sci-hub, Publish or Perish, Crossref and ResearchGate, for articles published between 2019 and 2024. The search keywords used were “mental health literacy” and “inclusive policy development”. From the search results, a total of ten articles were selected based on the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings suggest that improving mental health literacy among educators, policymakers, and parents can significantly support the development of more inclusive and effective policies. Future research needs to extend this analysis by considering cultural and demographic context variations in MHL implementation.

Systematic Review of Belief in a Just World and its Impact on Policies for Children With Special Needs

Ade Irma Putri Magdalena — 2025-03-27

Several countries have recently introduced more support for inclusive education with the belief that every child deserves an equitable education. However, policy implementation is often hampered by limited resources, exposing inequities that persist. Belief in a just world is the belief that the world is fair and people get what they deserve. This research explores how this belief influences the formation and implementation of policies relating to children with special needs, and the impact on their well-being and opportunities. This research method uses a literature review method with databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Google Scholar. The criteria used are studies published in the last five years from 2020-2024. The 14 studies reviewed indicate that belief in a just world (BJW) can influence policy in a negative or positive way depending on how these beliefs are integrated into policy formulation for children with special needs.

Unravelling Fathers’ Involvement in the Lives of Children With Special Needs: A Systematic Literature Review

Ivana Angelia Natasya — 2025-03-27

The role of fathers in raising children with special needs is a crucial dimension that is often overlooked in family dynamics while fathers play a crucial role in providing emotional and practical support to their children, especially children with special needs. Fathers’ engagement in caring for children with special needs can strengthen family relationships, enhance the child’s well-being, and offer a model of resilience and positive adaptation. This research aims to understand fathers’ contributions, impact, and involvement in the care and development of children with special needs. It uses a literature review method with the search engines Science Direct, Research Gate, Sage Publications, Google Scholar, and Publish or Perish. The criteria used are articles in English or Indonesian that discuss the same topics and research subjects and were published from 2015 to 2024. In the ten studies, selected articles stated that there are four fathers involved in children with special needs: direct caregiving, education support, emotional support and advocacy, and engagement with external courses.

The Lack of Empathy Among Teenagers in Pekanbaru

Kartika Syahrina — 2025-03-27

This study aims to measure the level of empathy among adolescents in Pekanbaru and identify the factors that influence low empathy among them. This study used a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The study sample included 349 adolescents from the ages of 12 to 18 who attended school in Pekanbaru. The sampling technique used was quota sampling, ensuring that the sample represented various social and educational groups in Pekanbaru. The data collection method used the Empathy Scale developed by Jolliffe and Farrington, which measures two main dimensions: cognitive empathy and affective empathy. The collected data were analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics to describe the distribution of empathy levels and linear regression analysis to determine the influence of factors such as social media use, academic pressure, and social interaction on adolescents’ empathy levels. The results showed that the majority of adolescents in Pekanbaru have low levels of empathy, especially in the affective empathy dimension. Factors such as excessive social media use and academic pressure are significantly associated with low empathy among adolescents. This study recommends interventions involving education in schools and family support to raise awareness about the importance of empathy development.

From Belief to Behavior: The Correlation of Religiosity With Academic Dishonesty Among College Students

Miqdad Daly Ahmad — 2025-03-27

Several studies have explored the relationship between religiosity and academic dishonesty, but the findings have often been contradicted. This research aims to understand the correlation between religiosity and academic dishonesty among university students. It uses a correlational quantitative approach involving a sample of 208 students, 176 females and 32 males, selected through accidental or convenience sampling. A scale with four dimensions and 20 items was used to measure religiosity, while academic dishonesty was assessed with four dimensions and 17 items using five-point response options. The analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between religiosity and academic dishonesty (p < 0.05, sig. -0.202). This study aims to enhance our understanding, particularly in the psychology of religion and educational psychology.

The Role of Self-Compassion Towards Parenting Stress in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Sadia Mewar — 2025-03-27

Parenting children with special needs, like those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), poses challenges and often increases parenting stress, mainly because these children require remarkable attention to optimize their daily activities. Parents who develop self-compassion tend to be better at optimizing their function as a family and can better accept their child’s condition. This study aims to examine the influence of self-compassion on the level of parenting stress in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Self-compassion is expected to reduce the level of stress experienced by parents in caring for children with ASD. This study uses a quantitative method with 34 parents who have or care for children with ASD. Self-compassion is measured using an adapted version of the original scale developed by Kristin Neff and parenting stress is measured using the Parenting Stress Scale (PSS). The data was analysed using linear regression with JASP ( Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program). The results of the study showed a significant negative relationship between self-compassion and parenting stress in parents who have children with ASD, with an influence of 0.843 on changes in parenting stress. Therefore, it concluded that the result of the linear regression test indicates that self-compassion significantly affects the level of stress in parenting.

‘How to Turn our Children into Internet-Savvy’: Parenting Competency Improvement for Generation Alpha

Udi Rosida Hijrianti — 2025-03-27

The Alpha generation is highly adept at digital technology. While using electronic devices has many benefits, parents are concerned about them. Addiction, physical problems, and psychological and social issues are among the concerns of parents regarding their children’s intense exposure to gadgets. This study aims to increase the competency of parents with alpha-generation children through psychoeducation titled “How to Turn Our Children into Internet Savvy.” The approach of this study is quantitative, using a single-group, pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study includes 20 parents and teachers of TK ABA 3 Batu City. The study used a manipulation check on parenting digital knowledge before and after the psychoeducation activity. After paired sample T-Test, the difference between the pretest and post-test was t=-5,69 p<0.01, which means the psychoeducation was able to significantly improve participant’s understanding of a parental role in setting regulation and protecting children of the Alpha generation from gadget excessive use.

The Influence of Job Satisfaction and Job Insecurity Towards Turnover Intention on Contract Employees

Istiqomah ‎ — 2025-03-27

Turnover intention is a person’s desire or intention to quit their job. An apparent high level of employee turnover can result in various impacts both on the organization or company and on the employees concerned. Turnover intention is caused by various factors, such as job satisfaction and job insecurity. This research aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction and job insecurity on turnover intention among contract (outsourced) employees at PT. X. It used a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The subjects in this research were 72 employees (outsourcing) at PT. X using total sampling. This research utilized three scales, namely job satisfaction, job insecurity, and turnover intention, with a data analysis method of multiple linear regression. The data analysis revealed no influence between job satisfaction and turnover intention among contract (outsourced) employees at PT. X. Meanwhile, job insecurity had a significant influence on turnover intention among contract employees (outsourcing) at PT. Job satisfaction and job insecurity provide an effective contribution of 24.6% to turnover intention.

Validation of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) in the Context of Indonesian Muslims

Yudi Suharsono — 2025-03-27

This study aimed to validate the Indonesian version of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) for a Muslim population aged 18 to 50, as the scale had not been previously validated in Indonesia. The adaptation process involved translation, expert reviews, and a pilot test. A total of 231 participants completed the scale, and the data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and reliability testing. The CFA results revealed a robust model fit, indicated by a Chi-square value of 122.842 and a p-value of 0.069, along with high goodness-of-fit indices, including a CMIN/DF of 1.216, RMSEA of 0.031, GFI of 0.94, and CFI of 0.98. All items demonstrated factor loadings above 0.50, confirming the validity of the scale. Additionally, the DSES exhibited excellent internal consistency, with a Composite Reliability (CR) of 0.94 and an Average Variance Extracted (AVE) of 0.51. These findings support the DSES’s use in measuring daily spiritual experiences in Indonesia and highlight its relevance for academic and practical applications in predominantly Muslim contexts. Future studies could explore the DSES in other religious contexts and investigate its predictive validity for mental health outcomes.

Positive Reinforcement to Improve fine Motor Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Siti Suminarti Fasikhah — 2025-03-27

ASD is characterized by challenges in social communication and interaction and repetitive behaviours that can significantly impact one’s daily functions. Fine motor skill deficits are common in children with ASD, so appropriate intervention is needed. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of positive reinforcement in improving fine motor skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The study respondent was a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with moderate ASD who had difficulty pressing toothpaste and opening food wrappers independently. The research was conducted using a single-subject experimental method (AB), and positive reinforcement was used to encourage the desired behaviour. Reinforcement, such as praise and high fives, is given immediately after the desired behaviour is demonstrated. The study involved direct observation and recording of behaviour from the baseline stage through followup sessions using thematic analysis. The results showed significant improvements in the subjects’ ability to perform the targeted motor skills independently. The subjects showed changes in fine motor skills from an average score of 1 with assistance to a score of 2. This study emphasizes the importance of positive reinforcement in improving fine motor skills in children with ASD and suggests its widespread application in therapeutic settings.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Influence on Psychological Distress in Adolescents in Indonesia

Irine Putri Shaliha — 2025-03-27

This study explores the influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on psychological distress among adolescents in Indonesia. ACEs, which encompass abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, have been shown to affect long-term mental health outcomes significantly. The study involved 924 adolescents aged 12-21, who were assessed using the World Health Organization’s Adverse Childhood Questionnaire (WHO ACE-IQ) and the psychological distress component of the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38). A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.4755, p < 0.001) was found between ACEs and psychological distress, indicating that higher ACE scores are associated with increased levels of distress. Linear regression analysis revealed that ACEs explain 22.61% of the variability in psychological distress (R² = 0.2261, p < 0.001). These findings highlight the critical role of ACEs in shaping adolescent mental health and emphasize the need for early interventions and culturally tailored mental health services to support adolescents at risk. Understanding the pathways through which ACEs impact psychological distress can inform more effective prevention and intervention strategies.

Behavior Approach for Autism in School to Improve Attention, Social Interaction, and Communication

Uun Zulfiana — 2025-03-27

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face many challenges in educational settings in areas such as attention, communication, and social skill. In Indonesia, ASD is increasingly prevalent, affecting about 1-2% of the child population, although many cases remain undiagnosed due to limited awareness. The study explores the effectiveness of behavior modification techniques, particularly Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), which relies on positive reinforcement to improve attention and reduce maladaptive behaviors like wandering during tasks. Through a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design, the research focuses on three children diagnosed with ASD. Shaping and positive reinforcement, including praise and rewards, are applied to increase the duration of their attention and task focus. Results show significant improvements in the participants’ attention span and reduced wandering behavior, confirming that behavioral interventions effectively manage ASD-related challenges in school. The study advocates further integrating behavioral approaches with communication-based therapies for optimal outcomes.

Behavior Play Therapy to Improve Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cahyaning Suryaningrum — 2025-03-27

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children manifests as impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity, disrupting developmental expectations. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the condition, potentially impacting a child’s ability to focus on tasks. This study investigates the effectiveness of Behavioral Play Therapy (BPT) in improving attention span in children diagnosed with ADHD. The intervention was designed using a single-case experiment method, focusing on a seven-year-old boy with ADHD, diagnosed based on DSM-5-TR criteria. The therapy utilized structured play activities to help the subject concentrate on tasks of varying difficulty levels. The intervention’s impact was measured through a pre- and post-intervention attention span assessment, with results indicating significant improvements. Before the therapy, the subject’s average attention span was 9 seconds, increasing to 39 seconds after therapy and 1 minute and 47 seconds during follow-up. These findings highlight the potential of BPT in improving attention in children with ADHD, supporting cognitive and behavioral development. Parental involvement and education also played a crucial role in maintaining these improvements post-intervention. The study concludes that BPT offers a promising approach to managing ADHD symptoms, providing children with skills to enhance their focus and task completion.

Parents With Autistic Children: A Case Study of the Meaningfulness of Life

Zainul Anwar — 2025-03-27

Parents who have children with autism face a variety of complex challenges that require them to work hard to understand and manage their child’s unusual behavior. This challenge can provide parents with an understanding of the meaning of life. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the meaning of life for parents who have children with autism. It uses a qualitative approach with a case study method that focuses on one case unit of parents with children with autism as informants. The data were collected using interviews and observations and were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman approach. The results show that parents with autistic children have a good awareness of their strengths and weaknesses in responding to the needs of their children. Even though faced with the challenges of raising autistic children, parents also have strong values and beliefs that help them deal with difficult situations. An adaptive attitude and the ability to respond positively to situations are also crucial for parents with autistic children.

The Relationship of Emotion-Focused Coping and Fanaticism in Football Supporters

Nabilah Fika Aprilita — 2025-03-27

Football is a popular sport among many people all over the world, including in Indonesia. High levels of enthusiasm and fanaticism among supporters can sometimes trigger negative behavior such as riots. Based on several previous studies, one of the factors causing fanaticism is emotional influence. This study, through correlational quantitative methods, aims to find out whether there is a relationship between Emotion-Focused Coping and football fanaticism. The sample was 298 football fans selected through an accidental sampling technique. The research instruments are the Ways of Coping Scale for the Emotion-Focused Coping scale and the Sports Fanaticism Scale for the fanaticism scale. Pearson’s Product Moment analysis on SPSS version 25 for Windows shows a correlation value of 0.190 with a p-value < 0.05. These results indicate a relationship between Emotion-Focused Coping and football supporter fanaticism.

The Role of MHPSS in Anxiety, Social Function, and Bounce-Back Ability of Earthquake Survivors

Zakarija Achmat — 2025-03-27

The 2022 Cianjur-West Java earthquake damaged public facilities, schools, hospitals, markets, and residents’ homes, causing destruction and disrupting lives and livelihoods. This research aims to determine the effect of mental health and psychosocial support services on the mental health of people who survived the earthquake emergency response in Cariu, Mangunkerta Village, Cugenang District, Cianjur Regency, West Java, in 2022. The research method used was a pre-experiment with one group pre-test and post-test design. The total number of participants for the pre-test was 152 people, and the total for post-test participants was 104 people with different age levels, including children, teenagers, adults, and older people. For measurement, the study used the General Health Questionnaire version 12 items (GHQ-12), and the data were tested using the independent sample t-test statistical test. The results showed significant differences in the mental health conditions of participants before and after mental health and psychosocial support was provided in the aspects of anxiety, social functioning, and confidence. Researchers recommend that disaster management organizations consider mental health and psychosocial support service planning programs according to age and gender levels.

Empathy Care Training to Improve Prosocial Behavior of Regular Students in Inclusive Elementary Schools

Intan Khoirul Nisa — 2025-03-27

Inclusive education is one of the policies of the Indonesian government which aims to ensure that every citizen, whether they are regular students or have special needs, are educated equally. Inclusive education services are expected to help children understand, accept, and appreciate the differences between them. Regular students who attend inclusive schools must exhibit prosocial behavior because regular students and students with special needs will continue to meet and interact directly or indirectly. Providing training in the form of empathy care training is expected to increase empathy, which will affect prosocial behavior. This study aims to see the effectiveness of empathy care training in improving the prosocial behavior of regular students in inclusive elementary schools. It uses a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design of one group pretest-posttest design. The measuring instrument used is a prosocial scale. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with ten subjects. Data analysis used the Paired Sample T-Test. The results showed that empathy care training was effective in improving the prosocial behavior of regular students in inclusive elementary schools (Sig 0.000 <0.05).

Prosocial Behavior, Religiosity, and Happiness: A Study of Special Needs Assistants in Malang

Ni'matuzahroh ‎ — 2025-03-27

Happiness is an overall condition of one’s life that is pleasing. It also refers to two conditions: positive emotion and well-being. Special needs assistants’ jobs include assisting the children in their learning process and helping them develop their skills and adapt to the environment. Special needs assistants’ happiness is important for critical tasks. Religiosity is one of the many factors that can strengthen the motivation to do prosocial behavior and increase happiness. The study objective is to test religiosity’s role as a moderation variable. The sample included 100 special needs assistants in Malang were chosen using an accidental sampling technique. We used a quantitative method, and the Prosocialness for Adult Scale (PSA), The PERMA Profiler, and the 4 Basic Dimensions of Religiosity Scale (4 BDRS) were used for measurement. We analyzed the data using Moderated Analysis Regression (MRA). This study shows that religiosity can be a moderation variable and strengthen the relation between prosocial behavior and the happiness of special needs assistants (

Improvement of Self-Compassion Through Art Therapy to Improve Sick Role behavior in Thalassemia Patients

Tulus Winarsunu — 2025-03-27

Sick role behavior is the conduct exhibited by a sick person, including their rights to improve their health. One of the factors in increasing sick role behavior is selfcompassion, which can be improved through group art therapy. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-compassion on sick role behavior through art therapy. The research subjects included six people in the control group and six people in the experimental group. The experimental group was given treatment in the form of art therapy, namely drawing, while the control group was not given treatment. This study used a scale of self-compassion and sick role behavior. Data were studied using non-parametric analysis, namely the Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman’s Rank Correlation test. The results showed a significant increase in sick role behavior with increasing self-compassion using art therapy in thalassemia patients, with an alpha coefficient of 0.858.

Toilet Training to Improve the Knowledge of Mothers of Toddlers, Toddler Cadres, and PAUD Teachers: A Community Development

May Lia Elfina — 2025-03-27

Self-awareness about toddler growth and development is crucial. One such important developmental task is toilet training, as toddlers should start learning to be independent in terms of regulating their elimination. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of toilet training in improving the knowledge of mothers of toddlers, toddler cadres, and PAUD teachers. This study uses an experimental method with the one-group pretest-posttest design approach. The subjects in this study were 32 people who met the subject criteria: mothers who have toddlers, toddler Posyandu cadres, and pre-kindergarten teachers who have the most interaction with toddlers. The result show an increase in the knowledge of PAUD cadres/teachers and mothers with toddlers related to toilet training, which was carried out with a significance of 0.00 (p <0.01). This result can be used as a consideration to provide training to individuals or related communities so that the phenomenon related to toilet training can be carried out sustainably.

Community Socio-Cognitive Characteristics and Perceptions of Inclusive Education

Ari Firmanto — 2025-03-27

This study investigates the correlation between the socio-cognitive characteristics of a community and their understanding of inclusive education. The community’s comprehension of special needs and their awareness of the importance of inclusive education are positively correlated with their inclusive perspectives. This study uses a quantitative methodology, with a sample drawn from diverse social groups (age groups, educational backgrounds, socioeconomic levels) as well as community members involved in educational contexts (parents, teachers, school administrators). Data were collected through surveys, interviews, observations, and relevant document analysis and were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to identify relevant patterns, trends, and findings. The results indicate that the socio-cognitive characteristics of a community play a significant role in understanding and implementing inclusive concepts in education. Various social groups within the community contribute diverse perspectives to the understanding and support of inclusive education. These findings highlight the importance of engaging all levels of society in efforts to create inclusive educational environments. This study offers valuable insights for educational stakeholders, including teachers, school staff, educational policymakers, and the broader community.

Construction of Psychological Measurement: Parent-Adolescent Sexual Communication “Komunikasi Seksual Orang tua-Remaja” (KSOR)

Siti Maimunah — 2025-03-27

Sexual communication between parents and teenagers has numerous benefits, including helping reduce premarital sexual conduct and promoting responsibility in sexual decision-making. Several researchers have used psychological measurement instruments related to parent-adolescent sexual communication, one of which is the Sexual Communication Scale (SCS). Although commonly recognised, this scale is less acceptable for usage in Indonesia because several of the themes covered do not reflect Indonesian traits or culture. This study aims to create a new instrument that is appropriate for the conditions in Indonesia. This necessity stems from the importance of parent-adolescent sexual communication in protecting physical health and improving mental health. The overall number of participants was 311, including 35 for the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), 11 expert assessors or panels, 15 for the scale validation process, and 250 for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) testing. JASP software version 0.17.2 was used to do exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the data. The results of the analysis of the KSOR instrument that has been prepared identify three factors in parent-adolescent sexual communication, namely information transfer, value transformation, and sexual material or themes.

Loneliness and Self-Control: The Effect on Narcissistic Adolescents of Social Media Users

Susanti Prasetyaningrum — 2025-03-27

The development of social media platforms such as Twitter and Instagram has become a means to show and prove one’s existence to the public, so many teenagers use it to excessively post, causing narcissistic behavior. Such narcissistic behavior can be influenced by loneliness and a lack of self-control, as teenager use social media to entertain themselves and make friends. The study uses a quantitative method, using snowball sampling to study 150 adolescents (18-25 years old) who have been actively using Twitter and Instagram for at least one year. The measurements used are the UCLA Loneliness Scale Ver. 3, BSCS, and NPI-16 adaptation scales. Data were analyzed using the Linear Regression Test. The results showed the effect of loneliness on narcissism (p < 0.05) and the influence of self-control on narcissism (p < 0.05). This study proves the influence of loneliness and self-control on narcissism to be significant. Self-control has a greater influence on narcissism than loneliness.

Differences in Organizational Citizenship Behavior Based on Gender and the Big Five Personalities

Silfiasari ‎ — 2025-03-27

To achieve excellence in an organization, maximum efforts are needed to improve individual performance, one of which is Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). OCB is an action taken by individuals without formal demands or rewards from the organization, providing significant benefits to the organization. Gender and personality are factors that can differentiate OCB. Gender is the difference in roles, functions, status, and responsibilities of men and women, and personality is a unique and relatively long-lasting internal and external aspect of a person’s character that affects their behavior in various situations. This research focuses on the Big Five Personality theory, which divides personality into five dimensions: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The subjects of this study were 100 male and female employees taken with a convenience sampling technique. The measuring instrument used to measure OCB is the OCB scale, adapted by Grasiaswaty (2016), and the measuring instrument used to measure Big Five personality is the Big Five Inventory, adapted by Ramdhani (2012). The results showed no differences in OCB based on gender (p = 0.617), and there were differences in OCB based on Big Five Personality (p = 0.013). The personality dimension that has the highest OCB is openness to experience.

Predictors of Becoming a Flourishing Marine Student

Alifah Nabilah Masturah — 2025-03-27

Becoming flourishing will help people to live more meaningfully. A flourishing person believes in his ability to have broad and satisfying social relationships. It’s necessary for marine students that projection to be professional workers who keep our nation within maritime borders between countries. This study aimed to determine the influence of self-efficacy, personality, and perceived social support on flourishing in marine students. It used a quantitative correlational method using a simple random sampling technique that involved 63 marine students. Measurements were performed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Ten Items Personality Inventory (TIPI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Flourishing Scale (FS). Data analysis used multiple linear regression. This study showed that marine students’ self-efficacy, the extraversion and contentiousness of their personality, and their perceived social support can be predictors of their flourishing.

Screening for Developmental Delays: Descriptive Study of Children Between the Ages of Two-and-a-Half and Six Years

Atika Permata Sari — 2025-03-27

Developmental delays remain a concern for educators, parents, and policymakers. Early identification of developmental delays can facilitate the provision of early intervention treatments. This research aims to show the characteristics of developmental delays in children aged two-and-a-half to six years and to investigate the influence of gender on the prevalence of these delays. This study is a descriptive quantitative non-experimental investigation. The sample comprised of 155 participants, and data were collected via the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II), performed individually. The research findings indicated that 52% of participants exhibited poor growth. The linguistic dimension appears as the most significant indicator of developmental delay relative to other dimensions. Men and women have notable developmental disparities in adaptive fine motor skills. Based on empirical evidence, educators, guardians, and policymakers can implement preventative and promotion initiatives.

Improving Early Detection Capabilities of Child Development Disorders in Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Posyandu) Cadres

Ibnu Sutoko — 2025-03-27

Delays in early detection of developmental disorders in children can affect the developmental function of children in the future. This study aimed to improve the ability to detect early developmental disorders in Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Posyandu) cadres through psychoeducation and training based on community intervention. This research is a case report with a single-group experimental design. Participants were 11 mothers of Posyandu cadres, with the criteria determined through purposive sampling. The research instrument used the Kuesioner Pra-Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP) and a checklist of indicators for detecting early developmental disorders in children—data analysis using descriptive and Wilcoxon tests. The intervention was community-based through psychoeducation and training for early detection of developmental disorders in children. The results showed increased knowledge among Posyandu cadres related to child developmental disorders and the ability to carry out early detection.

Self-Efficacy, Work Motivation, and Employee Performance

Safira Izma Nabilah — 2025-03-27

Employees with high work motivation and self-efficacy will be more enthusiastic so they can contribute positively to the work they are responsible for, influencing their performance results. This research aims to determine the influence of selfefficacy and work motivation on employee performance. This type of research is quantitative-correlational, using the accidental sampling technique and using SPSS version 25 for data analysis. The results of research on 150 employees still show that there is no simultaneous influence with a Sig value of 0.596 > 0.05 and partially the self-efficacy variable(X1) on employee performance (Y) with a Sig value 0.852 > 0.05 and work motivation (X2) on employee performance (Y) with a Sig value of 0.349 > 0.05. So, self-efficacy and work motivation do not affect employee performance.

Autism in YouTube: Content Analysis

Muhamad Salis Yuniardi — 2025-03-27

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder which usually occurs in the early developmental stage of a child and can be detected from social communication issues and repetitive sensory motoric behavior. Autism is considered a new topic in Indonesia and the public’s awareness of it has developed with the emergence of social media. One such platform that Indonesians often use is YouTube, due to its accessibility. In total, there are 84.500 videos about autism on YouTube, a large number that is not followed by a proportionate rise in research analysing such content. This study aims to fill the gap that occurs from related research about autism and YouTube, especially about autism videos in the Indonesian language. It uses qualitative content analysis method to analyze 20 videos that are selected based on their view counts, according to the type of framing utilized by their creators. The results revealed that 19 videos utilized the human-interest frame in their content such as highlighting personal stories, displaying some visual information to generate sympathy, and offering a new perspective from the autistic individuals. In addition to only one video emphasizing the morality frame, five other videos combine the human-interest frame and morality frame.

Analysis of Work Stress Research Trends in Global Literature-based Work Environments: Bibliometric Study

Oman Sukmana — 2025-03-27

This research aims to examine issues and research focus related to work stress experienced by workers in their work environment. Data was collected from Scopus with the keywords “Job Stress” AND “Work environment”. Documents tracked through the Scopus database have criteria ranging from 2020-2024 with the subject area psychology, document type article, and language English. 238 scientific publication articles were obtained and then analyzed using VOSviewer software to identify topic trends, collaborations and research developments. The research results show that studies regarding Job Stress are divided into three major theme nodes, namely human, adult, and psychology. Job Stress itself is included in the sub-themes within three big themes. There are other sub-themes such as bullying, burnout, anxiety, leadership, ageing, biomechanism, cross-sectional studies, employee, and absenteeism. This research can be a reference for researchers who will be able to research more deeply existing sub-themes or create new sub-themes in accordance with the development of a dynamic work environment. Apart from that, this research can also be a reference for other stakeholders such as organizations or institutions to know and pay attention to how the concept of job stress creates worker welfare in various sectors.

Healthy Lifestyle and Suicidal Ideation Among Teenagers

Nanda Wuri Handayani — 2025-03-27

To address the significant prevalence of mental health issues among adolescents, various measures must be implemented. Sustaining a healthy body is particularly important as it significantly influences adolescents’ psychological state. A teenager maintaining a healthy lifestyle is likely to reduce their risk of experiencing homicidal ideation. This study aims to investigate whether a healthy lifestyle can serve as a predictor for suicidal ideation among adolescents. This study employs a quantitative methodology utilizing a non-correlational experimental design, involving a total of 647 subjects. The data collection method involved using the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (HLQ) and the Suicide Ideation Scale (SIS), which were analyzed through simple linear regression and multiple linear regression with the aid of Jamovi 2.3 software. The findings validated the proposed hypothesis, suggesting that a healthy lifestyle can serve as a predictor for suicidal ideation among adolescents. A healthier lifestyle is associated with a significantly lower value of suicidal ideation (p < 0.001), with an R value of -0.397. A healthy lifestyle accounts for 15.8% of suicidal ideation among adolescents.

Storytelling Using Storybook “Tubuhku Berharga” to Improve Sexuality Knowledge among Preschoolers

Ratih Eka Pertiwi — 2025-03-27

Children are at risk of being sexually abused and targeted. Appropriate sex education from their closest environment presented by parents or teachers is in demand. However, parents and teachers have limitations in giving sex education, especially in early childhood. A specifically designed education tool has been developed to support parents and teachers in disseminating sexuality topics for kids. This study examines the effectiveness of sex education using the picture storybook “Tubuhku Berharga” among preschoolers. The method applied was a quasi-experiment with control group-dependent pretest and posttest design. In this study, the experimental group consists of 13 subjects, and the control group consists of 15 subjects. The subject criteria were kindergarten students in age range 4-6 years old. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test. The results showed that storytelling using the picture storybook “Tubuhku Berharga” improves children’s knowledge of sexuality (p<0.001). This study implies that educators can apply the method of storytelling using a picture story book “Tubuhku Berharga” as sex education media to prevent sexual violence toward children. Further practice and policy implications are discussed.

Enhancing Parental Psychological Well-Being in Autism: The Role of Social Support and Religiosity

Siti Fatimah — 2025-03-27

This study examines the influence of social support on psychological well-being of parents with ASD children, with the influence relationship being direct and through the role of religiosity as a mediator. This study uses a quantitative approach through data collection in the form of questionnaires which include three primary instruments: the Social Support Scale, the Religiosity Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. A total of 238 respondents who are parents with ASD children participated in this study. Data analysis is through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The results indicate that social support has a significant and direct effect on the psychological well-being of parents. Additionally, religiosity also mediates the relationship between social support and psychological well-being. In this case, social support fosters a sense of acceptance, reduces emotional burdens, and increases self-efficacy, while religiosity helps parents find meaning in the caregiving experience, providing emotional and mental strength. The synergistic combination of these two factors significantly enhance the psychological well-being of parents with ASD children. The findings of this study highlight the importance of interventions which target strengthening social support and religiosity to improve the psychological well-being of parents with ASD children.

The Effect of Forgiveness on the Psychological Well-Being of Students Who Experience Toxic Relationships

Risty Akisan — 2025-03-27

A toxic relationship is an unhealthy relationship condition that impacts the psychological well-being of the individual experiencing it. Psychological well-being is known to be improved by various factors, one of which is forgiveness. This study aims to determine the effect of forgiveness on the psychological well-being of students who experience toxic relationships. This research is a quantitative explanatory research using a purposive sampling technique with a total of 344 student participants, consisting of 12 men and 322 women. The measuring instruments used are Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation (TRIM-18) and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (RPWBS). The results showed a significant influence between forgiveness on psychological well-being with a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.01), with a side effect of 3% (R2 = 0.030). This has implications for the granting of forgiveness by students who experience toxic relationships with their partners, which then affects their psychological well-being.

The Role of Boredom Proneness on Phubbing Behavior in the Millennial Generation

Salma Nadhira Rismaya — 2025-03-27

The millennial generation are those born between 1980-2000 and familiar with technological developments, especially smartphones. Smartphones are a major necessity for everyone, especially the millennial generation. Some millennials are very engrossed in using smartphones and are less responsive to their interlocutors or exhibit phubbing behaviour. One of the causes is the boredom they feel towards their activities commonly referred to as boredom proneness. This study aimed to determine the effect of boredom proneness on phubbing behaviour in the millennial generation using a correlational quantitative approach. The research subjects were 253 millennials who were selected through the convenience sampling technique. The instruments used were the phubbing scale (PS) and the boredom proneness scale short form (BPS-SF). The results showed that boredom proneness affects the phubbing behaviour of the millennial generation. The contribution of boredom proneness to phubbing behaviour is 54%.