Anatomical Review of Certain Carnations of North Caucasus
Abstract
The article provides an anatomical review of 32 species of the genus Dianthus L. representatives шт Caucasus, i.e. information about the anatomy of their stem. Most of the studied species have a narrow ecology and are confined to different altitudinal zones. The experience of the introduction of these species in the botanical garden of the Chechen State Pedagogical University of Grozny in the conditions of the steppe climate indicates wide ecological amplitude and potential adaptive capabilities of the species. The main limiting factor in the distribution of these species in natural conditions is probably their low competitiveness. Anatomical signs, apparently, do not have any taxonomic significance. The similarity of the anatomical structure of the stems of the Caucasus carnations is evident even in species that are well differentiated morphologically. Anatomical differences between them are mainly quantitative. The smallest taxonomic values for the anatomical features of carnations are the radial dimensions of the epidermal cells, the mechanical (sclerenchymal) ring, conducting system. The most significant for these purposes are the morphological features: the size of the calyx and capsule, the shape and degree of dissection of the lobule plate, the shape and size of the chaffs.
References
[1] Grossheim, A.A. (1939–1967). Flora of the Caucasus, 2rd. ed., vol. 1–7. Baku; Leningrad.
[2] Grossheim, A.A. 1930. Essay on the vegetative cover of the Transcaucasus Tiflis: Transcaucasian. experimental research instit. waterworks, 38 p.
[3] Kharadze, A.L. (1960). Endemic hemixerophilic element of high mountains of the Greater Caucasus. Botanical Issues: Materials on the study of flora and vegetation of high mountains, vol. 5. Moscow; Leningrad: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, pp. 115–126.
[4] Galushko, A.I. (1965). New species of the genus Dianthus L. New. syst higher height. Moscow; Leningrad: Science, pp. 118–120.
[5] Galushko, A.I. (1978). Flora of the North Caucasus, vol. 1. Rostov on Don: Publishing House of RSU, 317 p.
[6] Galushko, A.I. The third meeting on issues of studying the plants of high mountain areas. The results of the introduction of high-mountain plants in the botanical garden of Kabardino-Balkarian University. (Report. 1965, 1980).
[7] Kuzmina, M.L. (1996). New species, combinations and finds of the genus Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) in the Caucasus. Botanical Journal, vol. 81, no. 8. pp. 79–82.
[8] Taysumov, M.A., Teymurov, A.A. (1998). Comparative-anatomical analysis of the stems of some species of Dianthus L. Proceedings Peace, accordance and cooperation, dedicated to the 60th anniversary of ChSU of Grozny, pp. 64–65.
[9] Taysumov, M.A. (2009). Systematics and geography of the subfamily Caryophyllodeae Juss. North Caucasus. PhD dissertation thesis, Astrakhan, 50 p.
[10] Shulkina, T.V. (1970). Biology of some herbaceous introductions in Leningrad, In the book: Plant Introduction and Green Building, iss. 10, pp. 131–161.
[11] Skipina, K.P. (1973). Morphogenesis shoots of cloves reparative in a closed ground. Byul. The main botanical garden, iss. 89, pp. 60–64.
[12] Gogitashvili, E.V., Mikeladze, P.M. (1985). Comparative histochemical study of a number of bioactive compounds of species of the genus Dianthus L., growing in Georgia. Introduction of plants and green building, vol. 16, pp. 124–134.
[13] Vasineva, L.I. (1990). To the question about the polymorphism of Carnation Amur. Modern problems of ecological anatomy of plants: Mater. II All-Union. meetings on ecologist, plant anatomy. Vladivostok: Far Eastern National University, pp. 111–113.
[14] Onozaki, T., Yamaguchi, T., Himeno, M., Ikeda, H. (2001). Evaluation of Wild Dianthus Accessions for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (Pseudomonas caryophylli). J. Japan. Soc. Hortic. Sc., vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 974–978.
[15] Lu, Zh., You-Ming, C., Quiang, Zh., Hui-Yu, Z., Min-Ren, H. (2002). Sequence of the ITS Region of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA (nr DNA) in Xinjiang Wild Dianthus and its Phylogenetic Relationship. Acta genet, sinica, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 549–554.
[16] Taysumov, A., Umarov, M.U., Lorsanova, Y.E., Umaeva, A.M. (2004). The system of the genus Dianthus L. of the Caucasus, built on an anatomical basis. Proceedings of the Third Scientific and Practical Conference. Problems of Botany of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. Barnaul, pp. 124–132.
[17] Kostychev, S.P. (1920). The structure and thickening of the stem of dicotyledons. Appendix to the journal of the Russian Botanical Society, iss. 5, pp. 78–86.
[18] Kondratieff-Melville, E.A. 1956. On the structure of the conducting system of the herbaceous dicotyledon stem. Bot. Zh., no. 9, pp. 27–35.
[19] Ivan, Z.E. Anatomical features of some alpine plants of the Central Caucasus. Author's abstract. diss.... Cand. biol. sciences. Ordzhonikidze, 24 p. 1963.