Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived from Anadara Granosa Shell for Biodiesel Synthesis
Abstract
The aims of this study were to prepare and characterize environment-friendly calcium oxide (CaO) heterogeneous catalysts from blood cockle (Anadara granosa) shells and utilize for the synthesis of biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel was produced by transesterification reaction of waste frying oil with methanol using the CaO catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by crushing and calcining of Anadara granosa shells at 800 oC and 900 ºC for 10 hours. The resulting CaO catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray flourescense spectrometry (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD patterns of calcined catalyst showed intense peaks of calcium oxide (2θ = 32.24o, 37.38o and 64.16o), and it was consistent with XRF results (>99% of CaO found) that revealed calcium was the major element present in the Anadara granosa shells. The maximum yield of biodiesel produced was 82.25% under reaction conditions of catalyst loading of 3 wt.%, methanol to oil ratio of 15:1, reaction time of 3 h, temperature of 60 oC and using a catalyst calcined at 900 oC.
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