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Karimi S, Arabi A, Shahraki T. Alcohol and the Eye. JOVR [Internet]. 2021Apr.29 [cited 2024Apr.25];16(2):260–270. Available from: https://knepublishing.com/index.php/JOVR/article/view/9089
https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v16i2.9089
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- Cited by 12 articles
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-
Saeed Karimi
Saeed Karimi
Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
-
Amir Arabi
Amir Arabi
Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
-
Toktam Shahraki
Toktam Shahraki
Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published Date
- Apr 29, 2021
Alcohol and the Eye
Abstract
In this article, we present a review of ocular conditions related to alcohol consumption. A search of the literature published from 1952 to March 2020 was performed. The titles and abstracts were screened and the eligible studies were selected. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge database, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. We categorized the relationship between alcohol intake and ocular conditions by the type of ocular exposure to alcohol. Accordingly, ocular findings following acute alcohol intoxication, optic neuropathy following methanol toxicity, congenital conditions related to maternal alcohol consumption, and ocular disease related to chronic alcoholism are discussed. The main feature of alcohol intoxication in the eye is abnormal eye movement. Acute optic neuropathy secondary to methyl alcohol consumption is a serious ocular disease with permanent vision loss or scotoma. Prenatal exposure to ethanol may end in fetal alcohol spectrum disease, where ocular findings are a constant component. The association between chronic alcohol consumption and increased risks of cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, different types of optic neuropathy, impairment of visual quality, retinal vascular disease, and ocular surface disease has also been reported. Along with detrimental medical and social effects, the role of alcohol consumption in different ocular conditions should be considered, as alcohol-induced visual disturbances may contribute to the heavy burden of alcohol abuse on the healthcare system and overall quality of life.
Keywords:
Alcohol, Cornea, Dry Eye, Ethanol, Ethyl Alcohol, Eye, Fetal Alcohol, Glaucoma, Macular Degeneration, Methanol, Optic Neuropathy, Retinopathy, Teratogenicity
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2. Wang S, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Alcohol and eye diseases. Surv Ophthalmol 2008;53:512–525.
3. Weih LM, Mukesh BN, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Association of demographic, familial, medical, and ocular factors with intraocular pressure. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:875–880.
4. Brasil A, Castro AJ, Martins IC, Lacerda EM, Souza GS, Herculano A, et al. Colour Vision impairment in young alcohol consumers. PloS ONE 2015;10:e0140169.
5. Lobo IA, Harris RA. GABA(A) receptors and alcohol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008;90:90–94.
6. Xiao C, Ye JH. Ethanol dually modulates GABAergic synaptic transmission onto dopaminergic neurons in ventral tegmental area: role of mu-opioid receptors. Neuroscience 2008;153:240–248.
7. Galdino M, Mendes, Mendes-Santos L, Vieira J, De Bustamante Simas M, Santos N. Visual perception of radial sine-wave grating after the alcohol consumption. Psicologia USP 2010;22:99–115.
8. Marinkovic K, Rickenbacher E, Azma S, Artsy E, Lee AKC. Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on saccadic conflict and error processing. Psychopharmacology 2013;230:487–497.
9. Abroms B, Gottlob L, Fillmore M. Alcohol effects on inhibitory control of attention: Distinguishing between intentional and automatic mechanisms. Psychopharmacology 2006;188:324–334.
10. Schmitt KU, Lanz C, Muser MH, Walz F, Schwarz U. Saccadic eye movements after low-dose oral alcohol exposure. J Forensic Leg Med 2013;20:870–874.
11. Silva JBS, Cristino ED, Almeida NL, Medeiros PCB, Santos NAD. Effects of acute alcohol ingestion on eye movements and cognition: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. PloS ONE 2017;12:e0186061–e0186061.
12. Ashurst JV, Nappe TM. Methanol toxicity. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2019.
13. Barceloux DG, Bond GR, Krenzelok EP, Cooper H, Vale JA. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002;40:415–446.
14. Givens M, Kalbfleisch K, Bryson S. Comparison of methanol exposure routes reported to Texas poison control centers. West J Emerg Med 2008;9:150–153.
15. Martin-Amat G, McMartin KE, Hayreh SS, Hayreh MS, Tephly TR. Methanol poisoning: ocular toxicity produced by formate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1978;45:201–208.
16. Kraut JA, Kurtz I. Toxic alcohol ingestions: clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;3:208.
17. Baumbach GL, Cancilla PA, Martin-Amat G, Tephly TR, McMartin KE, Makar AB, et al. Methyl alcohol poisoning. IV. Alterations of the morphological findings of the retina and optic nerve. Arch Ophthalmol 1977;95:1859–1865.
18. Sharma P, Sharma R. Toxic optic neuropathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2011;59:137–141.
19. Al Aseri Z, Altamimi S. Keeping a high index of suspicion: lessons learned in the management of methanol ingestion. BMJ Case Rep 2009;2009.
20. Naeser P. Optic nerve involvement in a case of methanol poisoning. Br J Ophthalmol 1988;72:778–781.
21. Benton CD Jr, Calhoun FP Jr. The ocular effects of methyl alcohol poisoning: report of a catastrophe involving three hundred and twenty persons. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1952;56:875–885.
22. Rotenstreich Y, Assia EI, Kesler A. Late treatment of methanol blindness. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:416–417.
23. Pakravan M, Esfandiari H, Sanjari N, Ghahari E. Erythropoietin as an adjunctive treatment for methanolinduced toxic optic neuropathy. Am J Drug Alcohol Abus 2016;42:633–639.
24. Pakdel F, Sanjari MS, Naderi A, Pirmarzdashti N, Haghighi A, Kashkouli MB. Erythropoietin in treatment of methanol optic neuropathy. J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2018;38:167–171.
25. Yunard A, Nusanti S, Sidik M. Methanol toxic optic neuropathy (characteristic and evaluation of therapy). Ophthalmol India 2016;42:38–44.
26. Sharma R, Marasini S, Sharma AK, Shrestha JK, Nepal BP. Methanol poisoning: ocular and neurological manifestations. Optom Vis Sci 2012;89:178–182.
27. Abrishami M, Khalifeh M, Shoayb M, Abrishami M. Therapeutic effects of high-dose intravenous prednisolone in methanol-induced toxic optic neuropathy. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2011;27:261–263.
28. Triningrat AAMP,Rahayu NMK,ManuabaI BP. Visual acuity of methanol intoxicated patients before and after hemodialysis, methyprednisolone and prednisone therapy. JOI 2010;7:129–132.
29. Shukla M, Shikoh I, Saleem A. Intravenous methylprednisolone could salvage vision in methyl alcohol poisoning. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2006 Mar;54(1):68–69.
30. Brennan D, Giles S. Ocular involvement in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a review. Current pharmaceutical design. 2014;20.
31. Aring EM, Landgren M, Svensson L, Gronlund MA. An eye diagnostic code for evaluation of ophthalmological abnormalities in fetal alcohol syndrome disorders. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015;56:1378–1378.
32. Peng Y, Yang PH, Ng SS, Wong OG, Liu J, He ML, et al. A critical role of Pax6 in alcohol-induced fetal microcephaly. Neurobiol Dis 2004;16:370–376.
33. Yelin R, Kot H, Yelin D, Fainsod A. Early molecular effects of ethanol during vertebrate embryogenesis. Differentiation 2007;75:393–403.
34. Yelin R, Schyr RB, Kot H, Zins S, Frumkin A, Pillemer G, et al. Ethanol exposure affects gene expression in the embryonic organizer and reduces retinoic acid levels. Dev Biol 2005;279:193–204.
35. Shukrun N, Shabtai Y, Pillemer-Amdur G, Fainsod A. Retinoic acid signaling reduction recapitulates the effects of alcohol on embryo size. Genesis 2019;57:e23284.
36. Shabtai Y, Fainsod A. Competition between ethanol clearance and retinoic acid biosynthesis in the induction of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Biochem Cell Biol 2017;96(2):148- 160.
37. Kot-Leibovich H, Fainsod A. Ethanol induces embryonic malformations by competing for retinaldehyde dehydrogenase activity during vertebrate gastrulation. Dis Model Mech 2009;2:295–305.
38. Peng Y, Yang P-H, Ng S, Lum C, Kung H-F, Lin M. Protection of Xenopus laevis embryos against alcohol-induced delayed gut maturation and growth retardation by peroxiredoxin 5 and catalase. J Mol Biol 2004;340:819–827.
39. Peng Y, Yang PH, Guo Y, Ng SS, Liu J, Fung PC, et al. Catalase and peroxiredoxin 5 protect Xenopus embryos against alcohol-induced ocular anomalies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:23–29.
40. Hug TE, Fitzgerald KM, Cibis GW. Clinical and electroretinographic findings in fetal alcohol syndrome. J AAPOS 2000;4:200–204.
41. Abdelrahman A, Conn R. Eye abnormalities in fetal alcohol syndrome. Ulster Med J 2009;78:164–165.
42. Peragallo J, Biousse V, Newman NJ. Ocular manifestations of drug and alcohol abuse. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2013;24:566–573.
43. Ribeiro IM, Vale PJ, Tenedorio PA, Rodrigues PA, Bilhoto MA, Pereira HC. Ocular manifestations in fetal alcohol syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2007;17:104–109.
44. Flanigan EY, Aros S, Bueno MF, Conley M, Troendle JF, Cassorla F, Mills JL, et al. Eye malformations in children with heavy alcohol exposure in utero. J Pediatr 2008;153:391–395.
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