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Hassankarimi H, Jafarzadehpur E, Mohammadi A, Mohammad Reza Noori S. Low-contrast Pattern-reversal Visual Evoked Potential in Different Spatial Frequencies. JOVR [Internet]. 2020Jul.29 [cited 2024May11];15(3):362–371. Available from: https://knepublishing.com/index.php/JOVR/article/view/7455
https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v15i3.7455
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- Cited by 3 articles
authors
-
Homa Hassankarimi
Homa Hassankarimi
Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
-
Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur
Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur
Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
-
Alireza Mohammadi
Alireza Mohammadi
Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
-
Seyed Mohammad Reza Noori
Seyed Mohammad Reza Noori
Departments of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published Date
- Jul 29, 2020
Low-contrast Pattern-reversal Visual Evoked Potential in Different Spatial Frequencies
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) in lowcontrast, spatial frequencies in time, frequency, and time-frequency domains.
Methods: PRVEP was performed in 31 normal eyes, according to the International Society of Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) protocol. Test stimuli had checkerboard of 5% contrast with spatial frequencies of 1, 2, and 4 cycles per degree (cpd). For each VEP waveform, the time domain (TD) analysis, Fast Fourier Transform(FFT), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) were performed using MATLAB software. The VEP component changes as a function of spatial frequency (SF) were compared among time, frequency, and time–frequency dimensions.
Results: As a consequence of increased SF, a significant attenuation of the P100 amplitude and prolongation of P100 latency were seen, while there was no significant difference in frequency components. In the wavelet domain, an increase in SF at a contrast level of 5% enhanced DWT coefficients. However, this increase had no meaningful effect on the 7P descriptor.
Conclusion: At a low contrast level of 5%, SF-dependent changes in PRVEP parameters can be better identified with the TD and DWT approaches compared to the Fourier approach. However, specific visual processing may be seen with the wavelet transform.
Keywords:
Discrete Wavelet Transform, Fast Fourier Transform, Spatial Frequency, Visual Evoked Potential
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28. Akbari M, Azmi R. Automatic classification of visual evoked potentials based on wavelet analysis and support vector machine. Proceedings of the 6th International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS’11); 2011; Elazığ, Turkey, pp. 227–230.
29. Hamzaoui E, Regragui F. Discrimination of visual evoked potentials using image processing of their time-scale representations. Procedia Technol 2014;17:359–367.
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31. Quain Quiroga R. Obtaining single stimulus evoked potentials with wavelet denoising. Physica D 2000;145:278–292.
32. Hassankarimi H, Jafarzadehpur E, Mohamadi A, Noori SMR. Advanced analysis of pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) in anisometropic amblyopia. Iran J Med Phys 2018;15:151–160.
33. Quian Quiroga R, Sakowitz OW, Basar E, Schürmann M. Wavelet transform in the analysis of the frequency composition of evoked potentials. Brain Res Protoc 2001;8:16–24.
34. Vivo AL. Quantitative evaluation of shape of visually evoked potentials [dissertation]. Lithuania: Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; 2017.
35. Vialatte FB, Maurice M, Dauwels J, Cichocki A. Steadystate visually evoked potentials: focus on essential paradigms and future perspectives. Prog Neurobiol 2010;90:418–438.
36. Schomer DL, Lopes da Silva FH. Niedermeyer’s electroencephalography: basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.
37. Ahmad Dar J. Core concepts in MATLAB programming; 2017. 1st ed. Retrieved from: Lulu.com.
38. Mallat SG. A wavelet tour of signal processing the sparse way. 3rd ed. Houston: Academic Press; 2009.
39. Addison PS. The illustrated wavelet transform handbook: introductory theory and applications in science, engineering, medicine and finance. CRC Press; 2002;35– 95.
40. Misiti M, Misiti Y, Oppenheim G, Poggi JM. Wavelets and their applications. London: ISTE Ltd.; 2007.
41. Souza GS, Gomes BD, Saito CA, da Silva Filho M, Silveira LCL. Spatial luminance contrast sensitivity measured with transient VEP: comparison with psychophysics and evidence of multiple mechanisms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:3396–3404.
42. Tyler CW, Apkarian PA. Effects of contrast, orientation and binocularity on the pattern evoked potential. Vis Res 1985;25:755–766.
43. Bobak P, Bodis-Wollner I, Guillory S. The effect of blur and contrast on VEP latency: comparison between check and sinusoidal and grating patterns. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1987;68:247–255.
44. Tumas V, Sakamoto C. Comparison of the mechanisms of latency shift in pattern reversal visual evoked potential induced by blurring and contrast reduction. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997;104:96–100.
45. Souza GS, Gomes BD, Lacerda EMCB, Saito CA, da Silva Filho M, Silveira LCL. Contrast sensitivity of pattern transient VEP components: contribution from M and P pathways. Psychol Neurosci 2013;6:191–198.
46. Rudvin I, Valberg A, Kilavik BE. Visual evoked potentials and magnocellular and parvocellular segregation. Vis Neurosci 2000;17:579–590.
47. Derrington AM, Lennie P. Spatial and temporal contrast sensitivities of neurons in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. J Physiol 1984;357:219–240.
48. Merigan WH, Maunsell JHR. How parallel are the primate visual pathways? Ann Rev Neurosci 1993;16:369–402.
49. Lee BB. Receptive field structure in the primate retina. Vis Res 1996;36:631–644.
50. Schwartz SH. Visual perception: a clinical orientation. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2009.
51. Mohammadi A, Hashemi H, Mirzajani A, Yekta A, Jafarzadehpur E, Valadkhan M, et al. Contrast and spatial frequency modulation for diagnosis of amblyopia: an electrophysiological approach. J Curr Ophthalmol 2018;31:72-79.
52. Banks MS, Geisler WS, Bennett PJ. The physical limits of grating visibility. Vis Res 1987;27:1915–1924.
53. Addison P, Walker J, Guido R. Time-frequency analysis of biosignals. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 2009;28:14–29.
54. Wu Z, Wu Z. Functional symmetry of the primary visual pathway evidenced by steady-state visual evoked potentials. Brain Res Bull 2017;128:13–21.
55. Murray IJ, Plainis S. Contrast coding and magno/parvo segregation revealed in reaction time studies. Vis Res 2003;43:2707–2719.
2. Pelli DG, Bex P. Measuring contrast sensitivity. Vis Res 2013;90:10–14.
3. Shapley R. The importance of contrast in the perception of brightness and form. Trans Am Philos Soc 1985;75:20–29.
4. Shapley R. The importance of contrast for the activity of single neurons, the VEP and perception. Vis Res 1986;26:45–61.
5. Grosvenor T. Primary care optometry. 5th ed. St Louis: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2007.
6. Elliot DB. Contrast sensitivity and glare testing. In: Benjamin WJ, editor. Borish’s clinical refraction. 2nd ed. Missouri: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2006:247–288.
7. Zemon VM, Gordon J. Quantification and statistical analysis of the transient visual evoked potential to a contrast-reversing pattern: a frequency-domain approach. Eur J Nwurosci 2018;48:1765–1788.
8. Fahle M, Bach M. Origin of the visual evoked potentials. In: Heckenlively JR, Arden GB, editors. Principals and practice of clinical electrophysiology of vision. 2nd ed. Cambridge: The MIT Press; 2006: 207–234.
9. Odom JV, Bach M, Brigell M, Holder GE, McCulloch DL, Mizota A, et al. ISCEV standard for clinical evoked potentials: (2016 update). Doc Ophthalmol 2016;133:1–9.
10. Mihayloya MS, Hristov I, Racheva K, Totev T, Mitov D. Effect of extending gratings length and width on human visually evoked potentials. Acta Neurobiol Exp 2015;75:293–304.
11. Vassilev A, Mihaylova M, Bonnet C. On the delay in processing high spatial frequency visual information: reaction time and VEP latency study of the effect of local intensity of stimulation. Vis Res 2002;42:851–864.
12. Tobimatsu S, Celesia GG. Studies of human visual physiopathology with visual evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2006;117:1414–1433.
13. Shapley R, Lenni P. Spatial frequency analysis in the visual system. Ann Rev Neurosci 1985;8:547–583.
14. Boon MY, Henry B, Suttle CM, Dain SJ. The correlation dimension: a useful objective measure of the transient visual evoked potential? J Vis 2008;8:6.
15. Regan D. Fourier analysis of evoked potentials: some methods based on Fourier analysis. In: Desmedt JE, editor. Visual evoked potentials in man: new developments. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1977:110–117.
16. Norcia AM, Tyler CW. Spatial frequency sweep VEP: visual acuity during the first year of life. Vis Res 1985;25:1399–1408.
17. Tomoda H, Celesia GG, Toleikis SC. Effect of spatial frequency on simultaneous recorded steady-state pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991;80:81–88.
18. Victor JD, Mast JA. New statistic for steady-state evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991;78:378–388.
19. McKeefry DJ, Russell MHA, Murray IJ, Kulikowski JJ. Amplitude and phase variations of harmonic components in human achromatic and chromatic visual evoked potentials. Vis Neurosci 1996;13:639–653.
20. Boon MY, Suttle CM, Henry B. Estimating chromatic contrast thresholds from the transient visual evoked potential. Vis Res 2005;45:2367–2383.
21. Tobimatsu S, Kurita-Tashima S, Nakayama-Hiromatsu M, Kato M. Effect of spatial frequency on transient and steadystate VEPs: stimulation with checkerboards, square-wave grating and sinusoidal grating patterns. J Neurol Sci 1993;118:17–24.
22. Tzelepi A, Bezerianos T, Bodis-Wollner I. Functional properties of sub-bands of oscillatory brain waves to pattern visual stimulation in man. Clin Neurophysiol 2000;111:259–269.
23. Drissi H, Regragui F, Antoine JP, Bennouna M. Wavelet transform analysis of visual evoked potentials: some preliminary results. ITBM-RBM 2000;21:84–91.
24. Borodina UV, Aliev RR. Wavelet spectra of visual evoked potentials: time course of delta, theta, alpha and beta bands. Neurocomputing 2013;121:551–555.
25. Thie J, Sriram P, Klistorner A, Graham ST. Gaussian wavelet transform and classifier to reliably estimate latency of multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP). Vis Res 2012;52:79–87.
26. Zhang JH, Janschek K, Bohme JF, Zeng YJ. Multiresolution dyadic wavelet denoising approach for extraction of visual evoked potentials in the brain. IEEE Proc - Vis Image Sig Proc 2004;151:180–186.
27. Sivakumar R, Hema B, Karir P, Nithyaklyani N. Denoising of transient VEP signals using wavelet transform. J Eng Appl Sci 2006;1:242–247.
28. Akbari M, Azmi R. Automatic classification of visual evoked potentials based on wavelet analysis and support vector machine. Proceedings of the 6th International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS’11); 2011; Elazığ, Turkey, pp. 227–230.
29. Hamzaoui E, Regragui F. Discrimination of visual evoked potentials using image processing of their time-scale representations. Procedia Technol 2014;17:359–367.
30. Almurshedi A, Khamim Ismail A, Skottun BC, Skoyles JR. Signal refinement: principal component analysis and wavelet transform of visual evoked response. Res J App Sci Eng Technol 2015;9:106–112.
31. Quain Quiroga R. Obtaining single stimulus evoked potentials with wavelet denoising. Physica D 2000;145:278–292.
32. Hassankarimi H, Jafarzadehpur E, Mohamadi A, Noori SMR. Advanced analysis of pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) in anisometropic amblyopia. Iran J Med Phys 2018;15:151–160.
33. Quian Quiroga R, Sakowitz OW, Basar E, Schürmann M. Wavelet transform in the analysis of the frequency composition of evoked potentials. Brain Res Protoc 2001;8:16–24.
34. Vivo AL. Quantitative evaluation of shape of visually evoked potentials [dissertation]. Lithuania: Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; 2017.
35. Vialatte FB, Maurice M, Dauwels J, Cichocki A. Steadystate visually evoked potentials: focus on essential paradigms and future perspectives. Prog Neurobiol 2010;90:418–438.
36. Schomer DL, Lopes da Silva FH. Niedermeyer’s electroencephalography: basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.
37. Ahmad Dar J. Core concepts in MATLAB programming; 2017. 1st ed. Retrieved from: Lulu.com.
38. Mallat SG. A wavelet tour of signal processing the sparse way. 3rd ed. Houston: Academic Press; 2009.
39. Addison PS. The illustrated wavelet transform handbook: introductory theory and applications in science, engineering, medicine and finance. CRC Press; 2002;35– 95.
40. Misiti M, Misiti Y, Oppenheim G, Poggi JM. Wavelets and their applications. London: ISTE Ltd.; 2007.
41. Souza GS, Gomes BD, Saito CA, da Silva Filho M, Silveira LCL. Spatial luminance contrast sensitivity measured with transient VEP: comparison with psychophysics and evidence of multiple mechanisms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:3396–3404.
42. Tyler CW, Apkarian PA. Effects of contrast, orientation and binocularity on the pattern evoked potential. Vis Res 1985;25:755–766.
43. Bobak P, Bodis-Wollner I, Guillory S. The effect of blur and contrast on VEP latency: comparison between check and sinusoidal and grating patterns. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1987;68:247–255.
44. Tumas V, Sakamoto C. Comparison of the mechanisms of latency shift in pattern reversal visual evoked potential induced by blurring and contrast reduction. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997;104:96–100.
45. Souza GS, Gomes BD, Lacerda EMCB, Saito CA, da Silva Filho M, Silveira LCL. Contrast sensitivity of pattern transient VEP components: contribution from M and P pathways. Psychol Neurosci 2013;6:191–198.
46. Rudvin I, Valberg A, Kilavik BE. Visual evoked potentials and magnocellular and parvocellular segregation. Vis Neurosci 2000;17:579–590.
47. Derrington AM, Lennie P. Spatial and temporal contrast sensitivities of neurons in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. J Physiol 1984;357:219–240.
48. Merigan WH, Maunsell JHR. How parallel are the primate visual pathways? Ann Rev Neurosci 1993;16:369–402.
49. Lee BB. Receptive field structure in the primate retina. Vis Res 1996;36:631–644.
50. Schwartz SH. Visual perception: a clinical orientation. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2009.
51. Mohammadi A, Hashemi H, Mirzajani A, Yekta A, Jafarzadehpur E, Valadkhan M, et al. Contrast and spatial frequency modulation for diagnosis of amblyopia: an electrophysiological approach. J Curr Ophthalmol 2018;31:72-79.
52. Banks MS, Geisler WS, Bennett PJ. The physical limits of grating visibility. Vis Res 1987;27:1915–1924.
53. Addison P, Walker J, Guido R. Time-frequency analysis of biosignals. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 2009;28:14–29.
54. Wu Z, Wu Z. Functional symmetry of the primary visual pathway evidenced by steady-state visual evoked potentials. Brain Res Bull 2017;128:13–21.
55. Murray IJ, Plainis S. Contrast coding and magno/parvo segregation revealed in reaction time studies. Vis Res 2003;43:2707–2719.